Graphite-Phosphate Composites: Structure and Voltammetric Investigations.

Publisher: MDPI Country of Publication: Switzerland NLM ID: 101555929 Publication Model: Electronic Cited Medium: Print ISSN: 1996-1944 (Print) Linking ISSN: 19961944 NLM ISO Abbreviation: Materials (Basel) Subsets: PubMed not MEDLINE

Publication: May 2010- : Basel, Switzerland : MDPI
Original Publication: Basel, Switzerland : Molecular Diversity Preservation International, 2008-2010.

The utilization of lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) is increasing sharply with the increasing use of mobile phones, laptops, tablets, and electric vehicles worldwide. Technologies are required for the recycling and recovery of spent LIBs. In the context of the circular economy, it is urgent to search for new methods to recycle waste graphite that comes from the retired electrode of LIBs. The conversion of waste graphite into other products, such as new electrodes, in the field of energy devices is attractive because it reduces resource waste and processing costs, as well as preventing environmental pollution. In this paper, new electrode materials were prepared using waste anode graphite originating from a spent mobile phone battery with an xBT·0.1C 12 H 22 O 11 ·(0.9-x)(NH 4 ) 2 HPO 4 composition, where x = 0-50 weight% BT from the anodic active mass of the spent phone battery (labeled as BT), using the melt quenching method. Analysis of the diffractograms shows the graphite crystalline phase with a hexagonal structure in all prepared samples. The particle sizes decrease by adding a higher BT amount in the composites. The average band gap is 1.32 eV (±0.3 eV). A higher disorder degree in the host network is the main factor responsible for lower band gap values. The prepared composites were tested as electrodes in an LIB or a fuel cell, achieving an excellent electrochemical performance. The voltammetric studies indicate that doping with 50% BT is the most suitable for applications as electrodes in LIBs and fuel cells.

Int J Mol Sci. 2018 Nov 09;19(11):. (PMID: 30423944)
Int J Mol Sci. 2019 May 14;20(10):. (PMID: 31091724)
Nat Nanotechnol. 2011 Aug 28;6(9):534. (PMID: 21873991)
J Mater Sci Mater Med. 2016 Jun;27(6):108. (PMID: 27117794)
Sci Total Environ. 2022 Apr 10;816:151621. (PMID: 34780818)
Environ Sci Technol. 2013 May 21;47(10):5495-503. (PMID: 23638841)
Chem Soc Rev. 2010 Aug;39(8):3115-41. (PMID: 20593097)
Waste Manag. 2023 Apr 15;161:52-60. (PMID: 36863210)
Science. 2009 Oct 30;326(5953):670-1. (PMID: 19900918)
J Phys Chem A. 2012 Apr 12;116(14):3547-55. (PMID: 22409286)
Chem Commun (Camb). 2012 Sep 14;48(71):8931-3. (PMID: 22850700)
Materials (Basel). 2023 Feb 28;16(5):. (PMID: 36903135)

Keywords: cyclic voltammetry; graphite composites; impedance; spent mobile phone battery; structure

Date Created: 20241026 Latest Revision: 20241028

20241028

PMC11509367

10.3390/ma17205000

39459703