FADS1 Genetic Variant and Omega-3 Supplementation Are Associated with Changes in Fatty Acid Composition in Red Blood Cells of Subjects with Obesity.

Publisher: MDPI Publishing Country of Publication: Switzerland NLM ID: 101521595 Publication Model: Electronic Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 2072-6643 (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 20726643 NLM ISO Abbreviation: Nutrients Subsets: MEDLINE

Original Publication: Basel, Switzerland : MDPI Publishing

Delta-5 Fatty Acid Desaturase* ; Fatty Acid Desaturases*/genetics ; Fatty Acids, Omega-3*/administration & dosage ; Erythrocytes*/metabolism ; Obesity*/genetics ; Obesity*/diet therapy ; Obesity*/blood ; Dietary Supplements*; Humans ; Female ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Adult ; Fatty Acids/blood ; Genetic Variation ; Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide

Introduction: Obesity is characterized by low-grade chronic inflammation, which can be modulated by lipid mediators derived from omega-3 ( n -3) polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA). Obesity is a multifactorial disease, where genetic and environmental factors strongly interact to increase its development. In this context, the FADS1 gene encodes the delta-5 desaturase protein, which catalyzes the desaturation of PUFA. The rs174547 genetic variant of FADS1 has been associated with alterations in lipid metabolism, particularly with decreases in eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and arachidonic acid (AA) concentrations.
Objective: To analyze the effect of an n -3-supplemented diet on the fatty acid profile and composition in red blood cells (RBCs) of obese subjects carrying the rs174547 variant of the FADS1 gene.
Methodology: Seventy-six subjects with obesity were divided into two groups: omega-3 (1.5 g of n -3/day) and placebo (1.5 g of sunflower oil/day). The dietary intervention consisted of a four-month follow-up. Anthropometric, biochemical, and dietary variables were evaluated monthly. The total fatty acid profile in RBC was determined using gas chromatography. The rs174547 variant was analyzed through allelic discrimination.
Results: The n -3 index (O3I) increased at the end of the intervention in both groups. Subjects carrying the CC genotype showed significant differences (minor increase) in n -6, n -3, total PUFA, EPA, DHA, and the O3I in RBCs compared to TT genotype carriers in the n -3 group.
Conclusions: The diet supplemented with EPA and DHA is ideal for providing the direct products that bypass the synthesis step affected by the FADS1 rs174547 variant in subjects carrying the CC genotype. The O3I confirmed an increase in n -3 fatty acids in RBCs at the end of the intervention.

Prostaglandins Leukot Essent Fatty Acids. 2019 Sep;148:1-8. (PMID: 31492428)
Eur J Nutr. 2019 Mar;58(2):831-842. (PMID: 29779171)
Mol Genet Metab. 2011 Jun;103(2):171-8. (PMID: 21414826)
Circ Genom Precis Med. 2020 Jun;13(3):e002710. (PMID: 32397743)
Biomed Pharmacother. 2002 Oct;56(8):365-79. (PMID: 12442909)
J Nutr. 1998 Feb;128(2 Suppl):427S-433S. (PMID: 9478042)
Cell Mol Immunol. 2007 Feb;4(1):31-41. (PMID: 17349209)
Nutrients. 2022 Feb 21;14(4):. (PMID: 35215564)
JAMA. 2013 Nov 27;310(20):2191-4. (PMID: 24141714)
Gastroenterol Res Pract. 2010;2010:. (PMID: 20814545)
Nutr Hosp. 2015 Jun 01;31(6):2352-8. (PMID: 26040339)
Healthcare (Basel). 2023 Aug 18;11(16):. (PMID: 37628530)
J Am Heart Assoc. 2013 Nov 19;2(6):e000513. (PMID: 24252845)
Menopause. 2019 Dec;26(12):1415-1424. (PMID: 31567872)
J Clin Lipidol. 2018 Sep - Oct;12(5):1280-1289. (PMID: 30170993)
Nucleic Acids Res. 2017 Mar 17;45(5):2408-2422. (PMID: 27932482)
Nutrients. 2018 Nov 04;10(11):. (PMID: 30400360)
Front Nutr. 2023 Jan 19;10:1072653. (PMID: 36742439)
Rev Esp Salud Publica. 2007 Sep-Oct;81(5):489-505. (PMID: 18274353)
Prostaglandins Other Lipid Mediat. 2015 Sep;121(Pt A):24-41. (PMID: 26219838)
Salud Publica Mex. 2008 Sep-Oct;50(5):419-27. (PMID: 18852939)
Nutrients. 2022 Oct 20;14(20):. (PMID: 36297090)
Nutrients. 2020 Jan 24;12(2):. (PMID: 31991592)
Br J Nutr. 2021 Oct 28;126(8):1121-1129. (PMID: 33331250)
Nutrients. 2023 Jan 31;15(3):. (PMID: 36771429)
Anticancer Res. 2014 Sep;34(9):4775-9. (PMID: 25202057)

Keywords: FADS1; genetic variant; inflammation; obesity; omega 3

0 (Delta-5 Fatty Acid Desaturase)
EC 1.14.19.3 (FADS1 protein, human)
EC 1.14.19.- (Fatty Acid Desaturases)
0 (Fatty Acids, Omega-3)
0 (Fatty Acids)

Date Created: 20241026 Date Completed: 20241026 Latest Revision: 20241028

20241028

PMC11509948

10.3390/nu16203522

39458515