Limited Adipogenic Differentiation Potential of Human Dental Pulp Stem Cells Compared to Human Bone Marrow Stem Cells.

Publisher: MDPI Country of Publication: Switzerland NLM ID: 101092791 Publication Model: Electronic Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 1422-0067 (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 14220067 NLM ISO Abbreviation: Int J Mol Sci Subsets: MEDLINE

Original Publication: Basel, Switzerland : MDPI, [2000-

Dental Pulp*/cytology ; Dental Pulp*/metabolism ; Adipogenesis* ; Mesenchymal Stem Cells*/metabolism ; Mesenchymal Stem Cells*/cytology ; Cell Differentiation* ; Bone Marrow Cells*/cytology ; Bone Marrow Cells*/metabolism; Humans ; Cells, Cultured ; Wnt Signaling Pathway ; Adipocytes/cytology ; Adipocytes/metabolism ; Osteogenesis/genetics ; Receptors, Notch/metabolism ; Receptors, Notch/genetics ; Adiponectin/metabolism ; Adiponectin/genetics ; PPAR gamma/metabolism ; PPAR gamma/genetics ; Stem Cells/metabolism ; Stem Cells/cytology ; Lipoprotein Lipase

Bone marrow and teeth contain mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) that could be used for cell-based regenerative therapies. MSCs from these two tissues represent heterogeneous cell populations with varying degrees of lineage commitment. Although human bone marrow stem cells (hBMSCs) and human dental pulp stem cells (hDPSCs) have been extensively studied, it is not yet fully defined if their adipogenic potential differs. Therefore, in this study, we compared the in vitro adipogenic differentiation potential of hDPSCs and hBMSCs. Both cell populations were cultured in adipogenic differentiation media, followed by specific lipid droplet staining to visualise cytodifferentiation. The in vitro differentiation assays were complemented with the expression of specific genes for adipogenesis and osteogenesis-dentinogenesis, as well as for genes involved in the Wnt and Notch signalling pathways. Our findings showed that hBMSCs formed adipocytes containing numerous and large lipid vesicles. In contrast to hBMSCs, hDPSCs did not acquire the typical adipocyte morphology and formed fewer lipid droplets of small size. Regarding the gene expression, cultured hBMSCs upregulated the expression of adipogenic-specific genes (e.g., PPARγ2 , LPL , ADIPONECTIN ). Furthermore, in these cells most Wnt pathway genes were downregulated, while the expression of NOTCH pathway genes (e.g., NOTCH1 , NOTCH3 , JAGGED1 , HES5 , HEY2 ) was upregulated. hDPSCs retained their osteogenic/dentinogenic molecular profile (e.g., RUNX2 , ALP , COLIA1 ) and upregulated the WNT-specific genes but not the NOTCH pathway genes. Taken together, our in vitro findings demonstrate that hDPSCs are not entirely committed to the adipogenic fate, in contrast to the hBMSCs, which are more effective to fully differentiate into adipocytes.

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Institutional funds University of Zurich

Keywords: NOTCH signalling; SWAT cells; WNT signalling; adipogenic potential; bone marrow stem cells; dental pulp stem cells; differentiation; human; lipid vesicles

0 (Receptors, Notch)
EC 3.1.1.34 (LPL protein, human)
0 (Adiponectin)
0 (PPAR gamma)
EC 3.1.1.34 (Lipoprotein Lipase)

Date Created: 20241026 Date Completed: 20241026 Latest Revision: 20241028

20241028

PMC11508566

10.3390/ijms252011105

39456888