Association of Inflammation and Immune Cell Infiltration with Estrogen Receptor Alpha in an Estrogen and Ionizing Radiation-Induced Breast Cancer Model.

Publisher: MDPI Country of Publication: Switzerland NLM ID: 101092791 Publication Model: Electronic Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 1422-0067 (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 14220067 NLM ISO Abbreviation: Int J Mol Sci Subsets: MEDLINE

Original Publication: Basel, Switzerland : MDPI, [2000-

Estrogen Receptor alpha*/metabolism ; Estrogen Receptor alpha*/genetics ; Estrogens*/metabolism ; Breast Neoplasms*/metabolism ; Breast Neoplasms*/pathology ; Breast Neoplasms*/genetics ; Inflammation*/metabolism ; Radiation, Ionizing*; Female ; Animals ; Humans ; Mice ; Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic ; Tumor Microenvironment

Breast cancer is the most diagnosed cancer in the world, and it is the primary cause of cancer death for women. The risk of breast cancer is increased by endogenous factors like hormones and exogenous factors like radiation exposure that causes damage to the mammary epithelial cells leading to an inflammatory response. Chronic inflammation creates a microenvironment composed of, among other factors, chemokines, and interleukins, which promote cancer. The gene expression of the interleukin 1 receptor type 1, the interleukin 1 receptor antagonist, the Interleukin 1 Receptor Accessory Protein, the interleukin 6 cytokine family signal transducer, the C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 3, the C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 5, and the C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 6 were analyzed in an estrogen and radiation experimental breast cancer model. Furthermore, the expression of these genes was correlated with immune cell infiltration, estrogen receptor expression, and their clinical relevance in breast cancer patients based on data provided by The Cancer Genome Atlas database online. Results given by the experimental breast cancer model showed that all genes related to inflammation respond to ionizing radiation alone or in combination with estrogen. On the other hand, the immune response depended on the breast cancer type and on the expression of the gene that encoded the estrogen receptor. Finally, the importance of the expression of these genes in breast cancer is such that high IL1R1 or IL1RAP is strongly related to patient survival. These findings may help to improve the understanding of the role of immune molecules in carcinogenesis and enhance therapeutic approaches.

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FONDECYT 1200656 (G.M.C.) Fondo Nacional de Desarrollo Científico y Tecnológico (FONDECYT); FONDECYT 1231537 (G.M.C.) Fondo Nacional de Desarrollo Científico y Tecnológico (FONDECYT)

Keywords: breast cancer; chemokines; estrogen; inflammation; interleukins; radiation

0 (Estrogen Receptor alpha)
0 (Estrogens)

Date Created: 20240829 Date Completed: 20240829 Latest Revision: 20240903

20240903

PMC11354366

10.3390/ijms25168604

39201290