Genetic diversity and cross-species transmissibility of bat-associated picornaviruses from Spain.

Publisher: BioMed Central Country of Publication: England NLM ID: 101231645 Publication Model: Electronic Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 1743-422X (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 1743422X NLM ISO Abbreviation: Virol J Subsets: MEDLINE

Original Publication: [London] : BioMed Central, 2004-

Chiroptera*/virology ; Picornaviridae*/genetics ; Picornaviridae*/classification ; Picornaviridae*/isolation & purification ; Genetic Variation* ; Genome, Viral* ; Phylogeny* ; Feces*/virology ; Picornaviridae Infections*/transmission ; Picornaviridae Infections*/virology ; Picornaviridae Infections*/veterinary; Animals ; Spain ; High-Throughput Nucleotide Sequencing ; Metagenomics ; Humans ; Zoonoses/virology ; Zoonoses/transmission

Background: Emerging zoonotic diseases arise from cross-species transmission events between wild or domesticated animals and humans, with bats being one of the major reservoirs of zoonotic viruses. Viral metagenomics has led to the discovery of many viruses, but efforts have mainly been focused on some areas of the world and on certain viral families.
Methods: We set out to describe full-length genomes of new picorna-like viruses by collecting feces from hundreds of bats captured in different regions of Spain. Viral sequences were obtained by high-throughput Illumina sequencing and analyzed phylogenetically to classify them in the context of known viruses. Linear discriminant analysis (LDA) was performed to infer likely hosts based on genome composition.
Results: We found five complete or nearly complete genomes belonging to the family Picornaviridae, including a new species of the subfamily Ensavirinae. LDA suggested that these were true vertebrate viruses, rather than viruses from the bat diet. Some of these viruses were related to picornaviruses previously found in other bat species from distant geographical regions. We also found a calhevirus genome that most likely belongs to a proposed new family within the order Picornavirales, and for which genome composition analysis suggested a plant host.
Conclusions: Our findings describe new picorna-like viral species and variants circulating in the Iberian Peninsula, illustrate the wide geographical distribution and interspecies transmissibility of picornaviruses, and suggest new hosts for calheviruses.
(© 2024. The Author(s).)

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PRE2021-099824 Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación; PID2020-118602RB-I00 Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación; CIAICO/2022/110 Conselleria de Educación, Universidades y Empleo, Generalitat Valenciana, Spain

Keywords: Bat viruses; Calheviruses; Host inference; Interspecies transmission; Phylogenetics; Picornaviruses; Viral diversity; Viral metagenomics; Virus evolution

Date Created: 20240822 Date Completed: 20240823 Latest Revision: 20240825

20240826

PMC11342490

10.1186/s12985-024-02456-1

39175061