Severe COVID-19 in HIV/Leishmania infantum coinfected patient: a successfully managed case report.

Publisher: BioMed Central Country of Publication: England NLM ID: 100968551 Publication Model: Electronic Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 1471-2334 (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 14712334 NLM ISO Abbreviation: BMC Infect Dis Subsets: MEDLINE

Original Publication: London : BioMed Central, [2001-

COVID-19*/complications ; Coinfection*/virology ; Coinfection*/parasitology ; HIV Infections*/complications ; Leishmania infantum*/isolation & purification ; SARS-CoV-2*; Humans ; Female ; Middle Aged ; Leishmaniasis, Visceral/drug therapy ; Leishmaniasis, Visceral/complications ; Leishmaniasis, Visceral/diagnosis ; Brazil

Background: Coronavirus disease 2019 originated in China and swiftly spread worldwide, posing a significant threat to public health. Caused by SARS-CoV-2, it manifests as a flu-like illness that can escalate to Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome, potentially resulting in fatalities. In countries where HIV/Leishmania infantum is endemic, the occurrence of concurrent SARS-CoV-2/HIV/Leishmania infantum infections is a reality, prompting inquiries into appropriate clinical management.
Case Presentation: We present the case of a 48-year-old woman who was hospitalized for 36 days across three different hospitals in the state of Pernambuco, Brazil. She was diagnosed with SARS-CoV-2/HIV/L. infantum coinfection. The patient exhibited severe COVID-19 symptoms, including fever, productive cough, and dyspnea. Throughout her hospitalization, she experienced oxygen saturation levels of ≤ 93%, along with fluctuations in blood pressure, respiratory rate, and heart rate. Her blood tests revealed lymphopenia, leukopenia, and neutropenia, while laboratory results indicated abnormal levels of d-dimer, AST, ALT, lactate dehydrogenase, ferritin, and C-reactive protein. A computed tomography scan revealed 75% involvement of the lung parenchyma with patchy ground-glass opacities.
Conclusion: Against all odds, the patient was discharged. The leukopenia associated with HIV/L. infantum may have played a decisive role. Further studies are necessary to better understand diagnostic strategies and clinical management measures for HIV/L. infantum coinfected patients who are susceptible to SARS-CoV-2 infection.
(© 2024. The Author(s).)

Mil Med Res. 2020 Jun 7;7(1):28. (PMID: 32507110)
J Med Virol. 2020 Jul;92(7):856-862. (PMID: 32281668)
Clin Chim Acta. 2020 Oct;509:135-138. (PMID: 32531257)
Clin Infect Dis. 2020 Dec 31;71(11):2933-2938. (PMID: 32594164)
Haematologica. 1994 Mar-Apr;79(2):165-7. (PMID: 8063264)
Rev Inst Med Trop Sao Paulo. 2009 Sep-Oct;51(5):241-6. (PMID: 19893975)
AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses. 2021 Apr;37(4):253-254. (PMID: 32842754)
Immunol Res. 2013 May;56(1):163-71. (PMID: 23504228)
J Med Virol. 2020 Sep;92(9):1533-1541. (PMID: 32181903)
PLoS Negl Trop Dis. 2021 Jan 21;15(1):e0009067. (PMID: 33476331)
PLoS One. 2014 Mar 13;9(3):e90978. (PMID: 24626096)
Aging (Albany NY). 2020 Jun 24;12(12):11245-11258. (PMID: 32633729)
Cytokine. 2014 Oct;69(2):165-79. (PMID: 24972386)
HIV Res Clin Pract. 2021 Aug;22(4):102-118. (PMID: 34514963)
BMC Hematol. 2018 Apr 05;18:8. (PMID: 29632668)
Am J Trop Med Hyg. 2018 Dec;99(6):1541-1546. (PMID: 30328408)
Clin Biochem. 2008 Jan;41(1-2):65-8. (PMID: 17991433)
J Clin Invest. 2020 Oct 1;130(10):5235-5244. (PMID: 32634129)
Sci Rep. 2021 Mar 1;11(1):4863. (PMID: 33649408)
Int J STD AIDS. 2005 Jun;16(6):438-41. (PMID: 15969780)
AIDS. 2015 Jul 17;29(11):1325-33. (PMID: 25870985)
J Thromb Haemost. 2020 Jun;18(6):1324-1329. (PMID: 32306492)
Blood Rev. 2009 May;23(3):95-104. (PMID: 18835072)
HIV Med. 2015 Apr;16(4):240-8. (PMID: 25604328)
Parasit Vectors. 2019 Jul 24;12(1):359. (PMID: 31340851)
Med Mal Infect. 2020 Jun;50(4):332-334. (PMID: 32243911)
IDCases. 2021 Aug 10;26:e01247. (PMID: 34430207)
J Med Virol. 2020 Oct;92(10):1818-1824. (PMID: 32437004)
Br J Haematol. 2009 Apr;145(1):24-33. (PMID: 19222477)
Curr Opin Infect Dis. 2008 Oct;21(5):483-8. (PMID: 18725797)
Pediatr Infect Dis J. 2020 Apr;39(4):336-338. (PMID: 31990888)
Iran J Parasitol. 2020 Oct-Dec;15(4):495-499. (PMID: 33884006)
Braz J Infect Dis. 2021 Mar-Apr;25(2):101569. (PMID: 33736948)
Isr Med Assoc J. 2020 Aug;22(8):494-500. (PMID: 33236582)
J Res Med Sci. 2014 Feb;19(2):164-74. (PMID: 24778671)
Nature. 2020 Aug;584(7821):463-469. (PMID: 32717743)
BMJ. 2006 Oct 7;333(7571):711-2. (PMID: 17023436)
JCI Insight. 2020 Sep 3;5(17):. (PMID: 32687484)
Aging (Albany NY). 2020 Aug 14;12(15):15670-15681. (PMID: 32805722)

310414/2022-9 Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior , Brasil; 310414/2022-9 Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior , Brasil; 310414/2022-9 Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior , Brasil; 310414/2022-9 Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior , Brasil; 310414/2022-9 Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior , Brasil; 310414/2022-9 Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior , Brasil; 310414/2022-9 Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior , Brasil; 310414/2022-9 Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior , Brasil; 310414/2022-9 Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior , Brasil; 310414/2022-9 Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior , Brasil; 310414/2022-9 Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior , Brasil; 310414/2022-9 Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior , Brasil

Keywords: Case report; Coinfection; HIV; Leishmaniasis; SARS-CoV-2

Date Created: 20240822 Date Completed: 20240823 Latest Revision: 20240825

20240826

PMC11342618

10.1186/s12879-024-09691-5

39174900