IL1RAP-specific T cell engager depletes acute myeloid leukemia stem cells.

Publisher: Biomed Central Country of Publication: England NLM ID: 101468937 Publication Model: Electronic Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 1756-8722 (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 17568722 NLM ISO Abbreviation: J Hematol Oncol Subsets: MEDLINE

Original Publication: [London] : Biomed Central, 2008-

Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute*/immunology ; Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute*/drug therapy ; Interleukin-1 Receptor Accessory Protein*/immunology ; T-Lymphocytes*/immunology ; Neoplastic Stem Cells*/immunology ; Neoplastic Stem Cells*/pathology ; Neoplastic Stem Cells*/drug effects; Humans ; Animals ; Mice ; Antibodies, Monoclonal/pharmacology ; Antibodies, Monoclonal/therapeutic use ; Antibodies, Monoclonal/immunology ; Cell Line, Tumor ; Mice, Inbred NOD

Background: The interleukin-1 receptor accessory protein (IL1RAP) is highly expressed on acute myeloid leukemia (AML) bulk blasts and leukemic stem cells (LSCs), but not on normal hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs), providing an opportunity to target and eliminate the disease, while sparing normal hematopoiesis. Herein, we report the activity of BIF002, a novel anti-IL1RAP/CD3 T cell engager (TCE) in AML.
Methods: Antibodies to IL1RAP were isolated from CD138+ B cells collected from the immunized mice by optoelectric positioning and single cell sequencing. Individual mouse monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) were produced and characterized, from which we generated BIF002, an anti-human IL1RAP/CD3 TCE using Fab arm exchange. Mutations in human IgG1 Fc were introduced to reduce FcγR binding. The antileukemic activity of BIF002 was characterized in vitro and in vivo using multiple cell lines and patient derived AML samples.
Results: IL1RAP was found to be highly expressed on most human AML cell lines and primary blasts, including CD34+ LSC-enriched subpopulation from patients with both de novo and relapsed/refractory (R/R) leukemia, but not on normal HSCs. In co-culture of T cells from healthy donors and IL1RAP ^high AML cell lines and primary blasts, BIF002 induced dose- and effector-to-target (E:T) ratio-dependent T cell activation and leukemic cell lysis at subnanomolar concentrations. BIF002 administered intravenously along with human T cells led to depletion of leukemic cells, and significantly prolonged survival of IL1RAP ^high MOLM13 or AML patient-derived xenografts with no off-target side effects, compared to controls. Of note, BiF002 effectively redirects T cells to eliminate LSCs, as evidenced by the absence of disease initiation in secondary recipients of bone marrow (BM) from BIF002+T cells-treated donors (median survival not reached; all survived > 200 days) compared with recipients of BM from vehicle- (median survival: 26 days; p = 0.0004) or isotype control antibody+T cells-treated donors (26 days; p = 0.0002).
Conclusions: The novel anti-IL1RAP/CD3 TCE, BIF002, eradicates LSCs and significantly prolongs survival of AML xenografts, representing a promising, novel treatment for AML.
(© 2024. The Author(s).)

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82100159 Natural Science Foundation of China; R01 CA286160 United States CA NCI NIH HHS; CA286160 United States NH NIH HHS; P30CA33572 United States NH NIH HHS; P30 CA033572 United States CA NCI NIH HHS

Keywords: Acute myeloid leukemia; IL1RAP; Immunotherapy; Leukemic stem cells; T cell engager

0 (Interleukin-1 Receptor Accessory Protein)
0 (IL1RAP protein, human)
0 (Antibodies, Monoclonal)

Date Created: 20240814 Date Completed: 20240814 Latest Revision: 20240817

20240817

PMC11325815

10.1186/s13045-024-01586-x

39143574