Avian Influenza Virus A(H5Nx) and Prepandemic Candidate Vaccines: State of the Art.

Publisher: MDPI Country of Publication: Switzerland NLM ID: 101092791 Publication Model: Electronic Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 1422-0067 (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 14220067 NLM ISO Abbreviation: Int J Mol Sci Subsets: MEDLINE

Original Publication: Basel, Switzerland : MDPI, [2000-

Influenza Vaccines*/immunology ; Influenza A Virus, H5N1 Subtype*/immunology ; Influenza A Virus, H5N1 Subtype*/genetics ; Influenza in Birds*/prevention & control ; Influenza in Birds*/virology ; Influenza in Birds*/epidemiology; Animals ; Humans ; Influenza, Human/prevention & control ; Influenza, Human/epidemiology ; Influenza, Human/immunology ; Influenza, Human/virology ; Birds/virology ; Pandemics/prevention & control

Avian influenza virus has been long considered the main threat for a future pandemic. Among the possible avian influenza virus subtypes, A(H 5 N 1 ) clade 2.3.4.4b is becoming enzootic in mammals, representing an alarming step towards a pandemic. In particular, genotype B3.13 has recently caused an outbreak in US dairy cattle. Since pandemic preparedness is largely based on the availability of prepandemic candidate vaccine viruses, in this review we will summarize the current status of the enzootics, and challenges for H 5 vaccine manufacturing and delivery.

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Keywords: H5N1; avian influenza; clade 2.3.4.4b; genotype B3.13; inactivated influenza vaccines; influenza virus; influenzavirus; live attenuated influenza

0 (Influenza Vaccines)

Date Created: 20240810 Date Completed: 20240810 Latest Revision: 20240812

20240813

PMC11312817

10.3390/ijms25158550

39126117