Redox Balance and Inflammatory Response in Follicular Fluids of Women Recovered by SARS-CoV-2 Infection or Anti-COVID-19 Vaccinated: A Combined Metabolomics and Biochemical Study.

Publisher: MDPI Country of Publication: Switzerland NLM ID: 101092791 Publication Model: Electronic Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 1422-0067 (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 14220067 NLM ISO Abbreviation: Int J Mol Sci Subsets: MEDLINE

Original Publication: Basel, Switzerland : MDPI, [2000-

COVID-19*/prevention & control ; COVID-19*/immunology ; COVID-19*/metabolism ; Follicular Fluid*/metabolism ; Oxidation-Reduction* ; COVID-19 Vaccines*/immunology ; SARS-CoV-2*/immunology ; Metabolomics*/methods; Humans ; Female ; Adult ; Pregnancy ; Superoxide Dismutase/metabolism ; Inflammation/metabolism ; Cytokines/metabolism ; Vaccination ; Antigens, CD/metabolism ; Metabolome ; Apyrase

To date, not many studies have presented evidence of SARS-CoV-2 infecting the female reproductive system. Furthermore, so far, no effect of the administration of anti-COVID 19 vaccines has been reported to affect the quality of oocytes retrieved from women who resorted to assisted reproduction technology (ART). The FF metabolic profiles of women who had been infected by SARS-CoV-2 before IVF treatments or after COVID-19 vaccination were examined by ¹ H NMR. Immunochemical characterization of proteins and cytokines involved in the redox and inflammatory pathways was performed. The increased expression of SOD2 and NQO1, the lack of alteration of IL-6 and CXCL10 levels, as well as the increased expression of CD39, suggested that, both sharing similar molecular mechanisms or proceeding along different routes, the redox balance is controlled in the FF of both vaccinated and recovered women compared to controls. The lower amount of metabolites known to have proinflammatory activity, i.e., TMAO and lipids, further supported the biochemical results, suggesting that the FF microenvironment is controlled so as to guarantee oocyte quality and does not compromise the outcome of ART. In terms of the number of blastocysts obtained after ICSI and the pregnancy rate, the results are also comforting.

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Keywords: COVID-19; NMR-based metabolomics; SARS-CoV-2; biomarkers; female fertility; follicular fluid; inflammation; oxidative stress

0 (COVID-19 Vaccines)
EC 1.15.1.1 (Superoxide Dismutase)
EC 1.15.1.1 (superoxide dismutase 2)
EC 3.6.1.5 (ENTPD1 protein, human)
0 (Cytokines)
0 (Antigens, CD)
EC 3.6.1.5 (Apyrase)

Date Created: 20240810 Date Completed: 20240810 Latest Revision: 20240812

20240813

PMC11313332

10.3390/ijms25158400

39125969