Phenotypic and genotypic assessment of fluoroquinolones and aminoglycosides resistances in Pseudomonas aeruginosa collected from Minia hospitals, Egypt during COVID-19 pandemic.

Publisher: BioMed Central Country of Publication: England NLM ID: 100968551 Publication Model: Electronic Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 1471-2334 (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 14712334 NLM ISO Abbreviation: BMC Infect Dis Subsets: MEDLINE

Original Publication: London : BioMed Central, [2001-

Pseudomonas aeruginosa*/genetics ; Pseudomonas aeruginosa*/drug effects ; Pseudomonas aeruginosa*/isolation & purification ; Aminoglycosides*/pharmacology ; COVID-19*/epidemiology ; Fluoroquinolones*/pharmacology ; Anti-Bacterial Agents*/pharmacology ; Pseudomonas Infections*/microbiology ; Pseudomonas Infections*/epidemiology ; Microbial Sensitivity Tests* ; Genotype* ; Phenotype*; Humans ; Egypt/epidemiology ; SARS-CoV-2/genetics ; SARS-CoV-2/drug effects ; Drug Resistance, Bacterial/genetics ; Hospitals ; Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA Technique ; Pandemics ; Drug Resistance, Multiple, Bacterial/genetics

Background: One of the most prevalent bacteria that cause nosocomial infections is Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Fluoroquinolones (FQ) and aminoglycosides are vital antipseudomonal drugs, but resistance is increasingly prevalent. The study sought to investigate the diverse mechanisms underlying FQ and aminoglycoside resistance in various P. aeruginosa strains particularly during the COVID-19 crisis.
Methods: From various clinical and environmental samples, 110 P. aeruginosa isolates were identified and their susceptibility to several antibiotic classes was evaluated. Molecular techniques were used to track target gene mutations, the presence of genes encoding for quinolone resistance, modifying enzymes for aminoglycosides and resistance methyltransferase (RMT). Efflux pump role was assessed phenotypically and genotypically. Random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) analysis was used to measure clonal diversity.
Results: QnrS was the most frequently encountered quinolone resistance gene (37.5%) followed by qnrA (31.2%) and qnrD (25%). Among aminoglycoside resistant isolates, 94.1% harbored modifying enzymes genes, while RMT genes were found in 55.9% of isolates. The aac(6')-Ib and rmtB were the most prevalent genes (79.4% and 32.3%, respectively). Most FQ resistant isolates overexpressed mexA (87.5%). RAPD fingerprinting showed 63.2% polymorphism.
Conclusions: Aminoglycosides and FQ resistance observed in this study was attributed to several mechanisms with the potential for cross-contamination existence so, strict infection control practices are crucial.
(© 2024. The Author(s).)

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Keywords: Pseudomonas aeruginosa; Aminoglycosides resistance; Fluoroquinolones resistance; RAPD typing; Real-time PCR

0 (Aminoglycosides)
0 (Fluoroquinolones)
0 (Anti-Bacterial Agents)

Date Created: 20240731 Date Completed: 20240801 Latest Revision: 20240803

20240803

PMC11292888

10.1186/s12879-024-09605-5

39085804