Serum Levels of Arachidonic Acid, Interleukin-6, and C-Reactive Protein as Potential Indicators of Pulmonary Viral Infections: Comparative Analysis of Influenza A, Respiratory Syncytial Virus Infection, and COVID-19.

Publisher: MDPI Country of Publication: Switzerland NLM ID: 101509722 Publication Model: Electronic Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 1999-4915 (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 19994915 NLM ISO Abbreviation: Viruses Subsets: MEDLINE

Original Publication: Basel, Switzerland : MDPI

Arachidonic Acid*/blood ; C-Reactive Protein*/analysis ; COVID-19*/blood ; COVID-19*/diagnosis ; Influenza, Human*/blood ; Influenza, Human*/diagnosis ; Influenza, Human*/virology ; Interleukin-6*/blood ; Respiratory Syncytial Virus Infections*/blood ; Respiratory Syncytial Virus Infections*/diagnosis; Adult ; Aged ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Biomarkers/blood ; Cross-Sectional Studies ; Influenza A virus ; ROC Curve

Acute respiratory tract infections, including influenza A (FluA), respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) infection, and COVID-19, can aggravate to levels requiring hospitalization, increasing morbidity and mortality. Identifying biomarkers for an accurate diagnosis and prognosis of these infections is a clinical need. We performed a cross-sectional study aimed to investigate the changes in circulating levels of arachidonic acid, interleukin 6 (IL-6), and C-reactive protein (CRP) in patients with FluA, RSV, or COVID-19, and to analyze the potential of these parameters as diagnosis or prognosis biomarkers. We analyzed serum samples from 172 FluA, 80 RSV, and 217 COVID-19 patients, and 104 healthy volunteers. Individuals with lung viral diseases showed reduced arachidonic acid concentrations compared to healthy people, with these differences being most pronounced in the order COVID-19 > RSV > FluA. Conversely, IL-6 and CRP levels were elevated across diseases, with IL-6 emerging as the most promising diagnostic biomarker, with areas under the curve (AUC) of the receiver operating characteristics plot higher than 0.85 and surpassing arachidonic acid and CRP. Moreover, IL-6 displayed notable efficacy in distinguishing between FluA patients who survived and those who did not (AUC = 0.80). These findings may provide useful tools for diagnosing and monitoring the severity of acute viral respiratory tract infections, ultimately improving patient outcomes.

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201807-10 Fundació La Marató de TV3, Barcelona, Spain

Keywords: C-reactive protein; COVID-19; arachidonic acid; infectious diseases; influenza A; interleukin-6; respiratory syncytial virus; viral infection

27YG812J1I (Arachidonic Acid)
0 (Biomarkers)
9007-41-4 (C-Reactive Protein)
0 (IL6 protein, human)
0 (Interleukin-6)

Date Created: 20240727 Date Completed: 20240728 Latest Revision: 20240729

20240729

PMC11281451

10.3390/v16071065

39066228