Mortality in sea lions is associated with the introduction of the H5N1 clade 2.3.4.4b virus in Brazil October 2023: whole genome sequencing and phylogenetic analysis.

Publisher: BioMed Central Country of Publication: England NLM ID: 101249759 Publication Model: Electronic Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 1746-6148 (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 17466148 NLM ISO Abbreviation: BMC Vet Res Subsets: MEDLINE

Original Publication: London : BioMed Central, 2005-

Phylogeny* ; Sea Lions*/virology ; Whole Genome Sequencing* ; Influenza A Virus, H5N1 Subtype*/genetics ; Influenza A Virus, H5N1 Subtype*/classification; Animals ; Brazil ; Orthomyxoviridae Infections/veterinary ; Orthomyxoviridae Infections/virology ; Genome, Viral ; Genotype ; Genetic Variation

Clade 2.3.4.4b highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) H5N1 virus was detected in the South American sea lions found dead in Santa Catarina, Brazil, in October 2023. Whole genome sequencing and comparative phylogenetic analysis were conducted to investigate the origin, genetic diversity, and zoonotic potentials of the H5N1 viruses. The H5N1 viruses belonged to the genotype B3.2 of clade 2.3.4.4b H5N1 virus, which was identified in North America and disseminated to South America. They have acquired new amino acid substitutions related to mammalian host affinity. Our study provides insights into the genetic landscape of HPAI H5N1 viruses in Brazil, highlighting the continuous evolutionary processes contributing to their possible adaptation to mammalian hosts.
(© 2024. The Author(s).)

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Keywords: High pathogenicity avian influenza; Marine mammal; Public health; South America; Virus; Whole genome sequencing

Date Created: 20240703 Date Completed: 20240703 Latest Revision: 20240705

20240705

PMC11221036

10.1186/s12917-024-04137-1

38956597