Dietary factors in relation to hypertension: a mendelian randomization study.

Publisher: BioMedCentral Country of Publication: Bangladesh NLM ID: 100959228 Publication Model: Electronic Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 2072-1315 (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 16060997 NLM ISO Abbreviation: J Health Popul Nutr Subsets: MEDLINE

Publication: May 2015- : London: BioMedCentral
Original Publication: Dhaka, Bangladesh : ICDDR,B: Centre for Health and Population Research, c2000-

Mendelian Randomization Analysis* ; Hypertension*/epidemiology ; Hypertension*/genetics ; Diet*/statistics & numerical data ; Genome-Wide Association Study*; Humans ; Alcohol Drinking/epidemiology ; Risk Factors ; Male ; Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide ; Animals ; Female ; Vegetables ; Fruit ; Poultry

Background: Observational studies have elucidated the associations between dietary factors and hypertension. Nevertheless, the exploration of these relationships using Mendelian randomization remains scarce currently.
Methods: The Mendelian randomization approach investigated the potential causal relationships between 16 dietary factors and hypertension. To achieve this, we identified genetic variants associated with these dietary factors by utilizing data from European-descent genome-wide association studies with a stringent significance threshold (P < 5 × 10 - 8). Subsequently, we obtained genetic associations with hypertension from the extensive FinnGen Study, encompassing 92,462 cases and 265,626 controls. Our primary analytical method was the inverse variance weighted method, and we also conducted assessments for heterogeneity and pleiotropy to ensure the robustness and reliability of our findings.
Results: The study revealed significant associations with hypertension risk for various dietary factors. Specifically, higher weekly alcohol consumption (OR: 1.53, 95% CI: 1.19-1.96) and more frequent alcohol intake (OR: 1.20, 95% CI: 1.08-1.33) were positively correlated with an increased risk of hypertension. Likewise, increased poultry intake (OR: 3.25, 95% CI: 1.83-5.78) and beef intake (OR: 1.80, 95% CI: 1.09-2.97) were also linked to a higher risk of hypertension. Conversely, there were protective factors associated with a decreased risk of hypertension. These included consuming salad and raw vegetables, dried fruits, cheese, and cereals. It is important to note that no evidence of pleiotropy was detected, underscoring the robustness of these findings.
Conclusions: This study uncovered causal relationships between various dietary factors and hypertension risk. Specifically, alcohol consumption in terms of drinks per week and intake frequency, as well as poultry and beef intake, were causally associated with an elevated risk of hypertension. In contrast, consuming salad/raw vegetables, dried fruits, cheese, and cereals demonstrated an inverse causal association with hypertension, suggesting a potential protective effect.
(© 2024. The Author(s).)

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202140237 Shanghai Municipal Health Commission; QY2022-04 Fudan University Zhongshan Hospital, Qingpu Branch

Keywords: Cardiovascular disease; Dietary factors; Hypertension; Mendelian randomization study; Single nucle-otide polymorphisms

Date Created: 20240621 Date Completed: 20240621 Latest Revision: 20240624

20240624

PMC11193250

10.1186/s41043-024-00575-7

38907314