Comparative Study on the Mechanism of Macrophage Activation Induced by Polysaccharides from Fresh and Dried Longan.

Publisher: MDPI Publishing Country of Publication: Switzerland NLM ID: 101521595 Publication Model: Electronic Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 2072-6643 (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 20726643 NLM ISO Abbreviation: Nutrients Subsets: MEDLINE

Original Publication: Basel, Switzerland : MDPI Publishing

Macrophage Activation*/drug effects ; Polysaccharides*/pharmacology ; Macrophages*/drug effects ; Macrophages*/metabolism ; Macrophages*/immunology ; Signal Transduction*/drug effects ; Fruit*/chemistry ; Sapindaceae*/chemistry ; Phagocytosis*/drug effects; Animals ; Mice ; RAW 264.7 Cells ; NF-kappa B/metabolism

Longan ( Dimcarpus longan Lour.) is a kind of traditional fruit used as a medicine and a food. Fresh longan is primarily consumed as a fruit, whereas dried longan is commonly employed for medicinal purposes. The differences in the immunomodulatory activities and mechanisms of polysaccharides between dried and fresh longan remain unclear. The present study comparatively analyzed the mechanisms of macrophage activation induced by polysaccharides from dried (LPG) and fresh longan (LPX). The results revealed that LPG and LPX differentially promoted macrophage phagocytosis and the secretion of NO, TNF-α, and IL-6. RNA-seq analysis revealed that LPG and LPX differentially affected gene expression in macrophages. The LPG treatment identified Tnf and chemokine-related genes as core genes, while myd88 and interferon-related genes were the core genes affected by LPX. A comprehensive analysis of the differentially expressed genes showed that LPG initiated macrophage activation primarily through the TLR2/4-mediated TRAM/TRAF6 and CLR-mediated Src/Raf1 NF-κB signaling pathways. LPX initiated macrophage activation predominantly via the CLR-mediated Bcl10/MALT1 and NLR-mediated Rip2/TAK1 MAPK and NF-κB signaling pathways. Interestingly, the non-classical NF-κB signaling pathway was activated by polysaccharides in both dried and fresh longan to elicit a slow, mild immune response. LPG tends to promote immune cell migration to engage in the immune response, while LPX facilitates antigen presentation to promote T cell activation. These findings contribute insights into the mechanisms underlying the differences in bioactivity between dried and fresh longan and their potential applications in immune-enhancing strategies and functional-food development.

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31960481, 31360380 National Natural Science Foundation of China; 2021A1515012135 Natural Science Foundation of Guangdong Province

Keywords: MAPK pathway; NF-κB pathway; RNA-seq; longan polysaccharide; macrophage activation

0 (Polysaccharides)
0 (NF-kappa B)

Dimocarpus

Date Created: 20240619 Date Completed: 20240619 Latest Revision: 20240620

20250114

PMC11174042

10.3390/nu16111654

38892587