Astrovirus induced nonpurulent encephalomyelitis in sheep: First report from Türkiye by high-throughput sequencing.

Publisher: John Wiley & Sons Ltd Country of Publication: England NLM ID: 101678837 Publication Model: Print Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 2053-1095 (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 20531095 NLM ISO Abbreviation: Vet Med Sci Subsets: MEDLINE

Original Publication: [Oxford] : John Wiley & Sons Ltd., [2015]-

Astroviridae Infections*/veterinary ; Astroviridae Infections*/virology ; Sheep Diseases*/virology ; Sheep Diseases*/pathology ; High-Throughput Nucleotide Sequencing*/veterinary; Animals ; Sheep ; Encephalomyelitis/veterinary ; Encephalomyelitis/virology ; Sheep, Domestic ; Astroviridae/isolation & purification ; Astroviridae/genetics ; Mamastrovirus/isolation & purification ; Mamastrovirus/genetics ; Phylogeny

Background: This study presents the case of non-purulent encephalomyelitis associated with astrovirus infection in a sheep from Eastern Anatolia, Türkiye.
Methods: A necropsy was performed on a sheep showing nervous signs. Afterwards, brain tissue samples were taken and examined with histopathological, immunohistochemical and molecular techniques.
Results: Neuropathologic changes included neuronal degeneration, diffuse gliosis, multifocal perivascular cuffing, neuronophagy and neuronal necrosis in the cerebrum, the cerebellum and the cervical spinal cord. Aerobic and anaerobic bacterial culture, selective culture for Listeria monocytogenes, and PCR analysis for rabies virus, tick-borne encephalitis virus, Türkiye encephalitis virus, small ruminant lentiviruses and border disease virus were negative. However, the presence of astrovirus RNA in cerebral, cerebellar and spinal cord samples was demonstrated by a pan-astrovirus RT-PCR. Immunohistochemical examinations revealed astrovirus antigens within the neuronal cytoplasm. High-throughput sequencing techniques identified the causative agent as a member of the genotype species Mamastrovirus 13 but representing a distinct genetic lineage with similarity to ovine astrovirus 1 in the open-reading frames (ORF)1ab region and muskox astrovirus in the ORF2 region.
Conclusion: This report provides evidence that astroviruses are potentially encephalitis-causing pathogens in ovine populations in Türkiye, featuring an astrovirus strain distinct from those previously identified in sheep.
(© 2024 The Author(s). Veterinary Medicine and Science published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.)

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Keywords: astrovirus; encephalitis; high‐throughput sequencing; immunohistochemistry; non‐purulent encephalomyelitiss

Date Created: 20240616 Date Completed: 20240616 Latest Revision: 20240624

20240625

PMC11180474

10.1002/vms3.1499

38879881