Genomic epidemiology of CVA10 in Guangdong, China, 2013-2021.

Publisher: BioMed Central Country of Publication: England NLM ID: 101231645 Publication Model: Electronic Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 1743-422X (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 1743422X NLM ISO Abbreviation: Virol J Subsets: MEDLINE

Original Publication: [London] : BioMed Central, 2004-

Hand, Foot and Mouth Disease*/epidemiology ; Hand, Foot and Mouth Disease*/virology ; Phylogeny* ; Genotype* ; Genome, Viral*; China/epidemiology ; Humans ; Child, Preschool ; Infant ; Retrospective Studies ; Female ; Male ; Child ; Molecular Epidemiology ; Enterovirus/genetics ; Enterovirus/classification ; Enterovirus/isolation & purification ; Enterovirus A, Human/genetics ; Enterovirus A, Human/isolation & purification ; Genomics ; Incidence ; Adolescent ; Enterovirus Infections/epidemiology ; Enterovirus Infections/virology

Hand, Foot and Mouth Disease (HFMD) is a highly contagious viral illness primarily affecting children globally. A significant epidemiological transition has been noted in mainland China, characterized by a substantial increase in HFMD cases caused by non-Enterovirus A71 (EV-A71) and non-Coxsackievirus A16 (CVA16) enteroviruses (EVs). Our study conducts a retrospective examination of 36,461 EV-positive specimens collected from Guangdong, China, from 2013 to 2021. Epidemiological trends suggest that, following 2013, Coxsackievirus A6 (CVA6) and Coxsackievirus A10 (CVA10) have emerged as the primary etiological agents for HFMD. In stark contrast, the incidence of EV-A71 has sharply declined, nearing extinction after 2018. Notably, cases of CVA10 infection were considerably younger, with a median age of 1.8 years, compared to 2.3 years for those with EV-A71 infections, possibly indicating accumulated EV-A71-specific herd immunity among young children. Through extensive genomic sequencing and analysis, we identified the N136D mutation in the 2 A protein, contributing to a predominant subcluster within genogroup C of CVA10 circulating in Guangdong since 2017. Additionally, a high frequency of recombination events was observed in genogroup F of CVA10, suggesting that the prevalence of this lineage might be underrecognized. The dynamic landscape of EV genotypes, along with their potential to cause outbreaks, underscores the need to broaden surveillance efforts to include a more diverse spectrum of EV genotypes. Moreover, given the shifting dominance of EV genotypes, it may be prudent to re-evaluate and optimize existing vaccination strategies, which are currently focused primarily target EV-A71.
(© 2024. The Author(s).)

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Keywords: Coxsackievirus A10; Enterovirus; Epidemiology; Foot and mouth disease; Hand; Phylogenetic

Date Created: 20240530 Date Completed: 20240531 Latest Revision: 20240603

20240603

PMC11140982

10.1186/s12985-024-02389-9

38816865