Decreased Memory and Learning Ability Mediated by Bmal1/M1 Macrophages/Angptl2/Inflammatory Cytokine Pathway in Mice Exposed to Long-Term Blue Light Irradiation.

Publisher: MDPI Country of Publication: Switzerland NLM ID: 100931761 Publication Model: Electronic Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 1467-3045 (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 14673037 NLM ISO Abbreviation: Curr Issues Mol Biol Subsets: PubMed not MEDLINE

Publication: 2021- : Basel, Switzerland : MDPI
Original Publication: Wymondham, Norfolk, UK : Caister Academic Press,

Humans are persistently exposed to massive amounts of blue light via sunlight, computers, smartphones, and similar devices. Although the positive and negative effects of blue light on living organisms have been reported, its impact on learning and memory remains unknown. Herein, we examined the effects of widespread blue light exposure on the learning and memory abilities of blue light-exposed mice. Ten-week-old male ICR mice were divided into five groups (five mice/group) and irradiated with blue light from a light-emitting diode daily for 6 months. After 6 months of blue light irradiation, mice exhibited a decline in memory and learning abilities, assessed using the Morris water maze and step-through passive avoidance paradigms. Blue light-irradiated mice exhibited a decreased expression of the clock gene brain and muscle arnt-like 1 (Bmal1). The number of microglia and levels of M1 macrophage CC-chemokine receptor 7 and inducible nitric oxide synthase were increased, accompanied by a decrease in M2 macrophage arginase-1 levels. Levels of angiopoietin-like protein 2 and inflammatory cytokines interleukin-6, tumor necrosis factor-α, and interleukin-1β were elevated. Our findings suggest that long-term blue light exposure could reduce Bmal1 expression, activate the M1 macrophage/Angptl2/inflammatory cytokine pathway, induce neurodegeneration, and lead to a decline in memory.

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No.23K06074 JSPS KAKENHI

Keywords: angiopoietin like protein 2; arginase-1; blue light; brain and muscle arnt-like 1; inducible nitric oxide synthase; interleukin-6

Date Created: 20240524 Latest Revision: 20240526

20250114

PMC11120424

10.3390/cimb46050295

38785563