The effect of the apolipoprotein E ε4 allele and olfactory function on odor identification networks.

Publisher: John Wiley & Sons Country of Publication: United States NLM ID: 101570837 Publication Model: Print Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 2162-3279 (Electronic) NLM ISO Abbreviation: Brain Behav Subsets: MEDLINE

Original Publication: Hoboken, NJ : John Wiley & Sons

Apolipoprotein E4*/genetics ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging*; Humans ; Female ; Male ; Aged ; Olfactory Perception/physiology ; Smell/physiology ; Recognition, Psychology/physiology ; Aged, 80 and over ; Cognitive Dysfunction/physiopathology ; Odorants ; Alzheimer Disease/physiopathology ; Alzheimer Disease/genetics ; Heterozygote ; Brain/diagnostic imaging ; Brain/physiopathology

Introduction: The combination of apolipoprotein E ε4 (ApoE ε4) status, odor identification, and odor familiarity predicts conversion to mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and Alzheimer's disease (AD).
Methods: To further understand olfactory disturbances and AD risk, ApoE ε4 carrier (mean age 76.38 ± 5.21) and ε4 non-carrier (mean age 76.8 ± 3.35) adults were given odor familiarity and identification tests and performed an odor identification task during fMRI scanning. Five task-related functional networks were detected using independent components analysis. Main and interaction effects of mean odor familiarity ratings, odor identification scores, and ε4 status on network activation and task-modulation of network functional connectivity (FC) during correct and incorrect odor identification (hits and misses), controlling for age and sex, were explored using multiple linear regression.
Results: Findings suggested that sensory-olfactory network activation was positively associated with odor identification scores in ε4 carriers with intact odor familiarity. The FC of sensory-olfactory, multisensory-semantic integration, and occipitoparietal networks was altered in ε4 carriers with poorer odor familiarity and identification. In ε4 carriers with poorer familiarity, connectivity between superior frontal areas and the sensory-olfactory network was negatively associated with odor identification scores.
Conclusions: The results contribute to the clarification of the neurocognitive structure of odor identification processing and suggest that poorer odor familiarity and identification in ε4 carriers may signal multi-network dysfunction. Odor familiarity and identification assessment in ε4 carriers may contribute to the predictive value of risk for MCI and AD due to the breakdown of sensory-cognitive network integration. Additional research on olfactory processing in those at risk for AD is warranted.
(© 2024 The Authors. Brain and Behavior published by Wiley Periodicals LLC.)

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P30AG062429 United States NH NIH HHS; R01AG062006 United States NH NIH HHS

Keywords: APOE; Alzheimer's; functional connectivity; network connectivity; olfaction

0 (Apolipoprotein E4)

Date Created: 20240504 Date Completed: 20240504 Latest Revision: 20240520

20240520

PMC11069025

10.1002/brb3.3524

38702902