Estimation of Kinetics Using IMUs to Monitor and Aid in Clinical Decision-Making during ACL Rehabilitation: A Systematic Review.

Publisher: MDPI Country of Publication: Switzerland NLM ID: 101204366 Publication Model: Electronic Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 1424-8220 (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 14248220 NLM ISO Abbreviation: Sensors (Basel)

Original Publication: Basel, Switzerland : MDPI, c2000-

Anterior Cruciate Ligament Injuries*/rehabilitation ; Anterior Cruciate Ligament Injuries*/physiopathology ; Algorithms* ; Clinical Decision-Making*; Humans ; Biomechanical Phenomena/physiology ; Kinetics ; Knee Joint/physiopathology ; Knee Joint/physiology ; Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction/rehabilitation

After an ACL injury, rehabilitation consists of multiple phases, and progress between these phases is guided by subjective visual assessments of activities such as running, hopping, jump landing, etc. Estimation of objective kinetic measures like knee joint moments and GRF during assessment can help physiotherapists gain insights on knee loading and tailor rehabilitation protocols. Conventional methods deployed to estimate kinetics require complex, expensive systems and are limited to laboratory settings. Alternatively, multiple algorithms have been proposed in the literature to estimate kinetics from kinematics measured using only IMUs. However, the knowledge about their accuracy and generalizability for patient populations is still limited. Therefore, this article aims to identify the available algorithms for the estimation of kinetic parameters using kinematics measured only from IMUs and to evaluate their applicability in ACL rehabilitation through a comprehensive systematic review. The papers identified through the search were categorized based on the modelling techniques and kinetic parameters of interest, and subsequently compared based on the accuracies achieved and applicability for ACL patients during rehabilitation. IMUs have exhibited potential in estimating kinetic parameters with good accuracy, particularly for sagittal movements in healthy cohorts. However, several shortcomings were identified and future directions for improvement have been proposed, including extension of proposed algorithms to accommodate multiplanar movements and validation of the proposed techniques in diverse patient populations and in particular the ACL population.

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PROJ-00965 European Fund for Regional Development (NL-EFRO)

Keywords: anterior cruciate ligament; ground reaction force; inertial measurement unit; joint kinetics; rehabilitation

Date Created: 20240413 Date Completed: 20240807 Latest Revision: 20240807

20240808

PMC11014074

10.3390/s24072163

38610374