Toward a Mechanism-Driven Integrated Framework to Link Human Exposure to Multiple Toxic Metal(loid) Species with Environmental Diseases.

Publisher: MDPI Country of Publication: Switzerland NLM ID: 101092791 Publication Model: Electronic Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 1422-0067 (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 14220067 NLM ISO Abbreviation: Int J Mol Sci Subsets: MEDLINE

Original Publication: Basel, Switzerland : MDPI, [2000-

Mercury*/analysis ; Environmental Pollutants* ; Metals, Heavy*/toxicity ; Metals, Heavy*/analysis ; Soil Pollutants*; Child ; Humans ; Female ; Pregnancy ; Cadmium/analysis ; Heavy Metal Poisoning ; Environmental Pollution ; Environmental Monitoring ; Risk Assessment ; China

The ongoing anthropogenic pollution of the biosphere with As, Cd, Hg and Pb will inevitably result in an increased influx of their corresponding toxic metal(loid) species into the bloodstream of human populations, including children and pregnant women. To delineate whether the measurable concentrations of these inorganic pollutants in the bloodstream are tolerable or implicated in the onset of environmental diseases urgently requires new insight into their dynamic bioinorganic chemistry in the bloodstream-organ system. Owing to the human exposure to multiple toxic metal(loid) species, the mechanism of chronic toxicity of each of these needs to be integrated into a framework to better define the underlying exposure-disease relationship. Accordingly, this review highlights some recent advances into the bioinorganic chemistry of the Cd ²⁺ , Hg ²⁺ and CH 3 Hg ⁺ in blood plasma, red blood cells and target organs and provides a first glimpse of their emerging mechanisms of chronic toxicity. Although many important knowledge gaps remain, it is essential to design experiments with the intent of refining these mechanisms to eventually establish a framework that may allow us to causally link the cumulative exposure of human populations to multiple toxic metal(loid) species with environmental diseases of unknown etiology that do not appear to have a genetic origin. Thus, researchers from a variety of scientific disciplines need to contribute to this interdisciplinary effort to rationally address this public health threat which may require the implementation of stronger regulatory requirements to improve planetary and human health, which are fundamentally intertwined.

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Keywords: arsenic; bioinorganic chemistry; blood plasma; cadmium; integration; mechanism of chronic toxicity; mercury; methylmercury; organs; red blood cells

00BH33GNGH (Cadmium)
FXS1BY2PGL (Mercury)
0 (Environmental Pollutants)
0 (Metals, Heavy)
0 (Soil Pollutants)

Date Created: 20240328 Date Completed: 20240329 Latest Revision: 20241110

20241110

PMC10969815

10.3390/ijms25063393

38542366