Contrasting segregation patterns among endogenous retroviruses across the koala population.

Publisher: Nature Publishing Group UK Country of Publication: England NLM ID: 101719179 Publication Model: Electronic Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 2399-3642 (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 23993642 NLM ISO Abbreviation: Commun Biol Subsets: MEDLINE

Original Publication: London, United Kingdom : Nature Publishing Group UK, [2018]-

Endogenous Retroviruses*/genetics ; Phascolarctidae*/genetics ; Retroviridae Infections*/genetics ; Gammaretrovirus*/genetics; Humans ; Animals ; Whole Genome Sequencing

Koalas (Phascolarctos cinereus) have experienced a history of retroviral epidemics leaving their trace as heritable endogenous retroviruses (ERVs) in their genomes. A recently identified ERV lineage, named phaCin-β, shows a pattern of recent, possibly current, activity with high insertional polymorphism in the population. Here, we investigate geographic patterns of three focal ERV lineages of increasing estimated ages, from the koala retrovirus (KoRV) to phaCin-β and to phaCin-β-like, using the whole-genome sequencing of 430 koalas from the Koala Genome Survey. Thousands of ERV loci were found across the population, with contrasting patterns of polymorphism. Northern individuals had thousands of KoRV integrations and hundreds of phaCin-β ERVs. In contrast, southern individuals had higher phaCin-β frequencies, possibly reflecting more recent activity and a founder effect. Overall, our findings suggest high ERV burden in koalas, reflecting historic retrovirus-host interactions. Importantly, the ERV catalogue supplies improved markers for conservation genetics in this endangered species.
(© 2024. The Author(s).)

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2021-01740 Vetenskapsrådet (Swedish Research Council); 2021-04238 Vetenskapsrådet (Swedish Research Council); 2018-01008 Svenska Forskningsrådet Formas (Swedish Research Council Formas)

Date Created: 20240322 Date Completed: 20240325 Latest Revision: 20240325

20240325

PMC10957985

10.1038/s42003-024-06049-0

38514810