The contribution of pattern recognition receptor signalling in the development of age related macular degeneration: the role of toll-like-receptors and the NLRP3-inflammasome.

Publisher: BioMed Central Country of Publication: England NLM ID: 101222974 Publication Model: Electronic Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 1742-2094 (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 17422094 NLM ISO Abbreviation: J Neuroinflammation Subsets: MEDLINE

Original Publication: [London] : BioMed Central, c2004-

Inflammasomes* ; Macular Degeneration*; Animals ; NLR Family, Pyrin Domain-Containing 3 Protein ; Toll-Like Receptors ; Inflammation

Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is a leading cause of irreversible vision loss, characterised by the dysfunction and death of the photoreceptors and retinal pigment epithelium (RPE). Innate immune cell activation and accompanying para-inflammation have been suggested to contribute to the pathogenesis of AMD, although the exact mechanism(s) and signalling pathways remain elusive. Pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) are essential activators of the innate immune system and drivers of para-inflammation. Of these PRRs, the two most prominent are (1) Toll-like receptors (TLR) and (2) NOD-, LRR- and pyrin domain-containing protein 3 (NLRP3)-inflammasome have been found to modulate the progression of AMD. Mutations in TLR2 have been found to be associated with an increased risk of developing AMD. In animal models of AMD, inhibition of TLR and NLRP3 has been shown to reduce RPE cell death, inflammation and angiogenesis signalling, offering potential novel treatments for advanced AMD. Here, we examine the evidence for PRRs, TLRs2/3/4, and NLRP3-inflammasome pathways in macular degeneration pathogenesis.
(© 2024. The Author(s).)

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Keywords: Age related macular degeneration; Innate immunity; Microglia; NLRP3; NOD-1 like; P2 × 7; Pattern recognition receptor; Retinal degeneration; Toll-like receptors

0 (Inflammasomes)
0 (NLR Family, Pyrin Domain-Containing 3 Protein)
0 (Toll-Like Receptors)

Date Created: 20240305 Date Completed: 20240307 Latest Revision: 20240307

20240307

PMC10913318

10.1186/s12974-024-03055-1

38443987