Gynecological Cancers and Microbiota Dynamics: Insights into Pathogenesis and Therapy.

Publisher: MDPI Country of Publication: Switzerland NLM ID: 101092791 Publication Model: Electronic Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 1422-0067 (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 14220067 NLM ISO Abbreviation: Int J Mol Sci Subsets: MEDLINE

Original Publication: Basel, Switzerland : MDPI, [2000-

Genital Neoplasms, Female*/etiology ; Genital Neoplasms, Female*/therapy ; Genital Neoplasms, Female*/pathology ; Ovarian Neoplasms*/etiology ; Ovarian Neoplasms*/therapy ; Microbiota*; Female ; Humans ; Genitalia, Female/pathology ; Inflammation

In recent years, the relationship between the microbiota and various aspects of health has become a focal point of scientific investigation. Although the most studied microbiota concern the gastrointestinal tract, recently, the interest has also been extended to other body districts. Female genital tract dysbiosis and its possible impact on pathologies such as endometriosis, polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), pelvic inflammatory disease (PID), and gynecological cancers have been unveiled. The incursion of pathogenic microbes alters the ecological equilibrium of the vagina, triggering inflammation and compromising immune defense, potentially fostering an environment conducive to cancer development. The most common types of gynecological cancer include cervical, endometrial, and ovarian cancer, which occur in women of any age but especially in postmenopausal women. Several studies highlighted that a low presence of lactobacilli at the vaginal level, and consequently, in related areas (such as the endometrium and ovary), correlates with a higher risk of gynecological pathology and likely contributes to increased incidence and worse prognosis of gynecological cancers. The complex interplay between microbial communities and the development, progression, and treatment of gynecologic malignancies is a burgeoning field not yet fully understood. The intricate crosstalk between the gut microbiota and systemic inflammation introduces a new dimension to our understanding of gynecologic cancers. The objective of this review is to focus attention on the association between vaginal microbiota and gynecological malignancies and provide detailed knowledge for future diagnostic and therapeutic strategies.

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Progetto Ricerca Corrente 2023-2025 Ministero della Salute

Keywords: cervical cancer; endometrial cancer; estrobolome; gynecological cancer; microbiota; ovarian cancer

Date Created: 20240224 Date Completed: 20240226 Latest Revision: 20240227

20240227

PMC10889201

10.3390/ijms25042237

38396914