Clinicopathological profile and survival analysis of esophageal carcinoma: A retrospective study in a tertiary care hospital in Northeast India.

Publisher: Medknow Publications Country of Publication: India NLM ID: 101249598 Publication Model: Print-Electronic Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 1998-4138 (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 19984138 NLM ISO Abbreviation: J Cancer Res Ther Subsets: MEDLINE

Original Publication: Mumbai, India : Medknow Publications

Esophageal Neoplasms*/pathology ; Esophageal Neoplasms*/mortality ; Esophageal Neoplasms*/therapy ; Esophageal Neoplasms*/epidemiology ; Tertiary Care Centers*/statistics & numerical data; Humans ; Male ; Female ; Retrospective Studies ; India/epidemiology ; Middle Aged ; Aged ; Adult ; Prognosis ; Survival Rate ; Neoplasm Staging ; Survival Analysis ; Carcinoma, Squamous Cell/pathology ; Carcinoma, Squamous Cell/therapy ; Carcinoma, Squamous Cell/mortality ; Carcinoma, Squamous Cell/epidemiology ; Aged, 80 and over ; Combined Modality Therapy

Background: Esophageal cancer (EC) is an extremely aggressive tumor with one of the highest geographic, ethnic, and gender variations. Various factors including tobacco consumption, unhealthy diet, and socioeconomic status have been implicated in the etiology of EC. Despite the advent of modern treatments, the prognosis of EC is dismal. This study has been undertaken to review the clinical and pathologic profiles, treatment approach, and survival pattern in patients with EC in a tertiary care hospital in northeast India.
Materials and Methods: A retrospective descriptive study was done with 179 EC patients presented to our department between January 2013 and December 2020. Statistical analysis was done by using IBM Statistical Package for the Social Sciences version 21. P- value <0.05 was considered significant.
Results: The majority of the patients presented in the sixth decade of life from rural areas with male to female ratio of 3.7:1. Dysphagia was the most common presenting feature. High incidence of tobacco and alcohol use was found. Mid-esophagus is the most common site and squamous cell carcinoma is the most common type. Fifty-two (29.1%) and 71 (39.6%) patients presented in stages III and IV, respectively. Twenty-four (13.4%) patients presented with metastatic disease, the lung being the most common site. Patients were treated with surgery, chemotherapy, radiotherapy, or combination of any of these. Overall median survival for the EC patients was 6 months. Patients treated with concurrent chemoradiation had better survival.
Conclusion: EC is a serious malignancy with a dismal prognosis due to the advanced stage at presentation. Larger clinical trials using new therapeutic strategies are the need of the hour.
(Copyright © 2023 Copyright: © 2023 Journal of Cancer Research and Therapeutics.)

Pennathur A, Gibson MK, Jobe BA, Luketich JD Oesophageal carcinoma. Lancet 2013; 381: 400–12.
Corley DA, Buffler PA Oesophageal and gastric cardia adenocarcinomas: Analysis of regional variation using the cancer incidence in five continents database. Int J Epidemiol 2001; 30: 1415–25.
Wong MCS, Hamilton W, Whiteman DC, Jiang JY, Qiao Y, Fung FDH, et al. Global Incidence and mortality of oesophageal cancer and their correlation with socioeconomic indicators temporal patterns and trends in 41 countries. Sci Rep 2018; 8: 4522.
Sung H, Ferlay J, Siegel RL, Laversanne M, Soerjomataram I, Jemal A, et al. Global cancer statistics 2020: GLOBOCAN estimates of incidence and mortality worldwide for 36 cancers in 185 countries. CA Cancer J Clin 2021; 71: 209–49.
Mathur P, Kumar SK, Chaturvedi M, Das P, Sudarshan KL, Santhappan S, et al. Cancer statistics, 2020: Report from national cancer registry programme, India. JCO Glob Oncol 2020; 6: 1063–75.
Kollarova H, Machova L, Horakova D, Janoutova G, Janout V Epidemiology of esophageal cancer – an overview article. Biomed Pap Med Fac Univ Palacky Olomouc Czech Repub 2007; 151: 17–28.
Gupta NM, Jindal R, Prakash O, Gupta R, Bhasin DK Comparison of the clinical profile and outcome for squamous cell carcinoma and adenocarcinoma of the distal esophagus and cardia in India. Surg Today 2001; 31: 400–4.
Vizcaino AP, Moreno V, Lambert R, Parkin DM Time trends incidence of both major histologic types of Esophageal carcinomas in selected countries, 1973–1995. Int J Cancer 2002; 99: 860–8.
Tony J, Kumar KS, Thomas V Time trends and pathological profile of carcinoma lower oesophagus and gastro-oesophageal junction over the last 20 years - an experience from South India. Trop Gastroenterol 2007; 28: 113–6.
Mustafa SA, Banday SZ, Bhat MA, Patigaroo AR, Mir AW, Bhau KS Clinico-epidemiological profile of esophageal cancer in Kashmir. Int J Sci Stud 2016; 3: 197–202.
Pun CB, Aryal G, Basyal R, Shrestha S, Pathak T, Bastola S, et al. Histological pattern of esophageal cancer at BP Koirala memorial cancer hospital in Nepal: A three year retrospective study. J Pathol Nepal 2012; 2: 277–81.
Napier KJ, Scheerer M, Misra S Esophageal cancer: A review of epidemiology, pathogenesis, staging workup and treatment modalities. World J Gastrointest Oncol 2014; 6: 112–20.
Prasad NR, Karthigeyan M, Vikram K, Parthasarathy R, Reddy KS Palliative radiotherapy in esophageal cancer. Indian J Surg 2015; 77: 34–8.
Rice TW, Patil DT, Blackstone EH 8 th edition AJCC/UICC staging of cancers of the esophagus and esophagogastric junction: Application to clinical practice. Ann. Cardiothorac Surg 2017; 6: 119–30.
Japan Esophageal Society. Japanese Classification of esophageal cancer, 11 th edition: Part 1. Esophagus 2017; 14: 1–36.
Choksi D, Kolhe KM, Ingle M, Rathi C, Khairnar H, Chauhan SG, et al. Esophageal carcinoma: An epidemiological analysis and study of the time trends over the last 20 years from a single center in India. J Family Med Prim Care 2020; 9: 1695–9.
Schlansky B, Dimarino AJ, Loren D, Infantolino A, Kowalski T, Cohen S A survey of oesophageal cancer: Pathology, stage and clinical presentation. Aliment Pharmacol Ther 2005; 23: 587–93.
Mchembe MD, Rambau PF, Chalya PL, Jaka H, Koy M, Mahalu W Endoscopic and clinicopathological patterns of esophageal cancer in Tanzania: Experiences from two tertiary health institutions. World J Surg Oncol 2013; 11: 257.
Dandara C, Robertson B, Dzobo K, Moodley L, Parker MI Patient and tumour characteristics as prognostic markers for oesophageal cancer: A retrospective analysis of a cohort of patients at Groote Schuur Hospital. Eur J Cardiothorac Surg 2016; 49: 629–34.
Natsugoe S, Baba M, Yoshinaka H, Kijima F, Shimada M, Shirao K, et al. Mucosal squamous cell carcinoma of the esophagus: A clinicopathologic study of 30 cases. Oncology 1998; 55: 235–41.
Islami F, Kamangar F, Nasrollahzadeh D, Møller H, Paolo Boffetta P, Malekzadeh R Oesophageal cancer in Golestan Province, a high-incidence area in northern Iran – A review. Eur J Cancer 2009; 45: 3156–65.
Come J, Castro C, Morais A, Cossa M, Modcoicar P, Tulsidâs S, et al. Clinical and pathologic profiles of esophageal cancer in mozambique: A study of consecutive patients admitted to Maputo central hospital. J Glob Oncol 2018; 4: 1–9.
Marin FA, Lamônica-Garcia VC, Henry MA, Burini RC Grade of esophageal cancer and nutritional status impact on postsurgery outcomes. Arq Gastroenterol 2010; 47: 348–53.
Kuwano H, Nakajima M, Miyazaki T, Kato H Clinicopathological characteristics of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. Ann Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 2003; 9: 7–13.
Roth JA, Pass HI, Flanagan MM, Graeber GM, Rosenberg JC, Steinberg S Randomized clinical trial of preoperative and postoperative adjuvant chemotherapy with cisplatin, vindesine, and bleomycin for carcinoma of the esophagus. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 1988; 96: 242–8.
Gupta A, Roy S, Majumdar A, Hazra A, Mallik C A randomized study to compare sequential chemoradiotherapy with concurrent chemoradiotherapy for unresectable locally advanced esophageal cancer. Indian J Med Paediatr Oncol 2014; 35: 54–9.
Bhandari V Role of concurrent chemoradiation in inoperable carcinoma esophagus: A prospective study. J Can Res Ther 2014; 10: 11–4.

Date Created: 20231216 Date Completed: 20241016 Latest Revision: 20241226

20250114

10.4103/jcrt.jcrt_7_23

38102907