Cholinergic Polarization of Human Macrophages.

Publisher: MDPI Country of Publication: Switzerland NLM ID: 101092791 Publication Model: Electronic Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 1422-0067 (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 14220067 NLM ISO Abbreviation: Int J Mol Sci Subsets: MEDLINE

Original Publication: Basel, Switzerland : MDPI, [2000-

alpha7 Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptor*/metabolism ; Receptors, Nicotinic*/metabolism; Humans ; Cholinergic Agents/metabolism ; Macrophages/metabolism ; Inflammation/metabolism

Macrophages serve as vital defenders, protecting the body by exhibiting remarkable cellular adaptability in response to invading pathogens and various stimuli. These cells express nicotinic acetylcholine receptors, with the α7-nAChR being extensively studied due to its involvement in activating the cholinergic anti-inflammatory pathway. Activation of this pathway plays a crucial role in suppressing macrophages' production of proinflammatory cytokines, thus mitigating excessive inflammation and maintaining host homeostasis. Macrophage polarization, which occurs in response to specific pathogens or insults, is a process that has received limited attention concerning the activation of the cholinergic anti-inflammatory pathway and the contributions of the α7-nAChR in this context. This review aims to present evidence highlighting how the cholinergic constituents in macrophages, led by the α7-nAChR, facilitate the polarization of macrophages towards anti-inflammatory phenotypes. Additionally, we explore the influence of viral infections on macrophage inflammatory phenotypes, taking into account cholinergic mechanisms. We also review the current understanding of macrophage polarization in response to these infections. Finally, we provide insights into the relatively unexplored partial duplication of the α7-nAChR, known as dup α7, which is emerging as a significant factor in macrophage polarization and inflammation scenarios.

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P20 GM103642 United States GM NIGMS NIH HHS; R25 GM061151 United States GM NIGMS NIH HHS

Keywords: CHRFAM7A; acetylcholine receptor; alpha 7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor; cholinergic; cholinergic agonist; cholinergic anti-inflammatory response; cholinergic receptor; inflammation; macrophage; polarization

0 (alpha7 Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptor)
0 (Cholinergic Agents)
0 (Receptors, Nicotinic)

Date Created: 20231114 Date Completed: 20231115 Latest Revision: 20240210

20240210

PMC10650439

10.3390/ijms242115732

37958716