Small interfering RNA (siRNA)-based therapeutic applications against viruses: principles, potential, and challenges.

Publisher: BioMed Central Country of Publication: England NLM ID: 9421567 Publication Model: Electronic Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 1423-0127 (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 10217770 NLM ISO Abbreviation: J Biomed Sci Subsets: MEDLINE

Publication: 2009- : London : BioMed Central
Original Publication: Basel ; New York : S. Karger Medical and Scientific Publishers, c1994-

COVID-19*/genetics ; COVID-19*/therapy ; Viruses*/genetics ; Viruses*/metabolism; Humans ; RNA, Small Interfering/genetics ; RNA, Small Interfering/therapeutic use ; RNA, Small Interfering/metabolism ; Pandemics ; RNA Interference ; Antiviral Agents/therapeutic use ; RNA, Viral

RNA has emerged as a revolutionary and important tool in the battle against emerging infectious diseases, with roles extending beyond its applications in vaccines, in which it is used in the response to the COVID-19 pandemic. Since their development in the 1990s, RNA interference (RNAi) therapeutics have demonstrated potential in reducing the expression of disease-associated genes. Nucleic acid-based therapeutics, including RNAi therapies, that degrade viral genomes and rapidly adapt to viral mutations, have emerged as alternative treatments. RNAi is a robust technique frequently employed to selectively suppress gene expression in a sequence-specific manner. The swift adaptability of nucleic acid-based therapeutics such as RNAi therapies endows them with a significant advantage over other antiviral medications. For example, small interfering RNAs (siRNAs) are produced on the basis of sequence complementarity to target and degrade viral RNA, a novel approach to combat viral infections. The precision of siRNAs in targeting and degrading viral RNA has led to the development of siRNA-based treatments for diverse diseases. However, despite the promising therapeutic benefits of siRNAs, several problems, including impaired long-term protein expression, siRNA instability, off-target effects, immunological responses, and drug resistance, have been considerable obstacles to the use of siRNA-based antiviral therapies. This review provides an encompassing summary of the siRNA-based therapeutic approaches against viruses while also addressing the obstacles that need to be overcome for their effective application. Furthermore, we present potential solutions to mitigate major challenges.
(© 2023. National Science Council of the Republic of China (Taiwan).)

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Keywords: Antiviral; RNA interference; Small interfering RNA; Therapeutic; Virus

0 (RNA, Small Interfering)
0 (Antiviral Agents)
0 (RNA, Viral)

Date Created: 20231016 Date Completed: 20231023 Latest Revision: 20231121

20231121

PMC10577957

10.1186/s12929-023-00981-9

37845731