The Effects of a Low Linoleic Acid/α-Linolenic Acid Ratio on Lipid Metabolism and Endogenous Fatty Acid Distribution in Obese Mice.

Publisher: MDPI Country of Publication: Switzerland NLM ID: 101092791 Publication Model: Electronic Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 1422-0067 (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 14220067 NLM ISO Abbreviation: Int J Mol Sci Subsets: MEDLINE

Original Publication: Basel, Switzerland : MDPI, [2000-

Fatty Acids*/metabolism ; Lipid Metabolism*; Mice ; Animals ; alpha-Linolenic Acid/pharmacology ; alpha-Linolenic Acid/metabolism ; Linoleic Acid/metabolism ; Mice, Obese ; Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptors/metabolism ; Sterol Regulatory Element Binding Protein 1/genetics ; Sterol Regulatory Element Binding Protein 1/metabolism ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; Liver/metabolism ; Diet, High-Fat/adverse effects ; Obesity/etiology ; Obesity/metabolism

A reduced risk of obesity and metabolic syndrome has been observed in individuals with a low intake ratio of linoleic acid/α-linolenic acid (LA/ALA). However, the influence of a low ratio of LA/ALA intake on lipid metabolism and endogenous fatty acid distribution in obese patients remains elusive. In this investigation, 8-week-old C57BL/6J mice were randomly assigned to four groups: low-fat diet (LFD) as a control, high-fat diet (HFD), high-fat diet with a low LA/ALA ratio (HFD+H3L6), and high-fat diet with a high LA/ALA ratio (HFD+L3H6) for 16 weeks. Our results show that the HFD+H3L6 diet significantly decreased the liver index of HFD mice by 3.51%, as well as the levels of triacylglycerols (TGs) and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) by 15.67% and 10.02%, respectively. Moreover, the HFD+H3L6 diet reduced the pro-inflammatory cytokines interleukin-6 (IL-6) level and aspartate aminotransferase/alanine aminotransferase (AST/ALT) ratio and elevated the level of superoxide dismutase (SOD) in the liver. The HFD+H3L6 diet also resulted in the downregulation of fatty acid synthetase ( FAS ) and sterol regulatory element binding proteins-1c ( SREBP-1c ) expression and the upregulation of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-α ( PPAR-α ) and acyl-CoA oxidase 1 ( ACOX1 ) gene expression in the liver. The low LA/ALA ratio diet led to a notable increase in the levels of ALA and its downstream derivative docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) in the erythrocyte, liver, perienteric fat, epididymal fat, perirenal fat, spleen, brain, heart, and gastrocnemius, with a strong positive correlation. Conversely, the accumulation of LA in abdominal fat was more prominent, and a high LA/ALA ratio diet exacerbated the deposition effect of LA. In conclusion, the low LA/ALA ratio not only regulated endogenous fatty acid levels but also upregulated PPAR-α and ACOX1 and downregulated SREBP-1c and FAS gene expression levels, thus maintaining lipid homeostasis. Optimizing dietary fat intake is important in studying lipid nutrition. These research findings emphasize the significance of understanding and optimizing dietary fat intake.

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Keywords: endogenous fatty acid; lipid metabolism; low linoleic acid/α-linolenic acid ratio; obesity

0 (Fatty Acids)
0RBV727H71 (alpha-Linolenic Acid)
9KJL21T0QJ (Linoleic Acid)
0 (Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptors)
0 (Sterol Regulatory Element Binding Protein 1)

Date Created: 20230812 Date Completed: 20230814 Latest Revision: 20230814

20231215

PMC10419107

10.3390/ijms241512117

37569494