Factor structure and measurement invariance of the Mood and Feelings Questionnaire: a cross-cultural study among Thai and British adolescents.

Publisher: Country of Publication: Germany NLM ID: 9212296 Publication Model: Print-Electronic Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 1435-165X (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 10188827 NLM ISO Abbreviation: Eur Child Adolesc Psychiatry Subsets: MEDLINE

Publication: 2010- : Heidelberg : Springer Medizin
Original Publication: Toronto ; Lewiston, NY : Hogrefe & Huber, [1992-

Cross-Cultural Comparison* ; Depression*/psychology ; Depression*/diagnosis ; Depression*/ethnology ; Southeast Asian People*/psychology ; European People*/psychology; Adolescent ; Child ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Affect ; Emotions ; Factor Analysis, Statistical ; Psychiatric Status Rating Scales/standards ; Psychometrics ; Reproducibility of Results ; Self Report ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; Thailand ; United Kingdom

The Mood and Feelings Questionnaire-child self-report (MFQ-C) is a widely used measure of child and adolescent depression. This study evaluated possible factor solutions and examined the measurement invariance of the MFQ-C as a prerequisite for its use in cross-cultural comparisons between Thai (N = 1272) and British samples (N = 1817) by using multigroup confirmatory factor analysis (MGCFA). The latent means of Thai and British samples were also examined. A five-factor structure of the MFQ-C was confirmed through confirmatory factor analysis. A partial scalar invariant model was supported, and thus latent means were compared, with British adolescents reporting significantly higher mean MFQ-C scores than Thai adolescents on four of the five factors (Vegetative Symptoms, Suicidality, Cognitive Symptoms, Agitated Distress). There was no difference for the Core Symptoms factor. The findings also suggest that the MFQ-C is a valid measure to assess depression in Thai and British adolescents and maybe useful in cross-cultural comparisons of adolescent depression.
(© 2023. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany.)

Avenevoli S, Swendsen J, He JP, Burstein M, Merikangas KR (2015) Major depression in the national comorbidity survey-adolescent supplement: prevalence, correlates, and treatment. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry 54(1):37-44.e2. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaac.2014.10.010. (PMID: 10.1016/j.jaac.2014.10.01025524788)
Kroning M, Kroning K (2016) Teen depression and suicide a silent crisis. J Christ Nurs 33(2):78–86. https://doi.org/10.1097/CNJ.0000000000000254. (PMID: 10.1097/CNJ.000000000000025427119802)
Rudolph KD, Flynn M (2014) Depression in adolescents. In: Gotlib IH, Hammen CL (eds) Handbook of depression third edition, 3rd edn. Guilford Press, New York, pp 391–402.
He J, van de Vijver F (2012) Bias and equivalence in cross-cultural research. Online Read Psychol Cult 2(2):3–19. https://doi.org/10.9707/2307-0919.1111. (PMID: 10.9707/2307-0919.1111)
Angold A. Mood and Feelings Questionnaire (MFQ) [Internet]. 1987. Available from: https://devepi.duhs.duke.edu/files/2018/03/Dear-potential-MFQ-user.pdf . Accessed 9 Nov 2020.
Kovacs M. Children’s Depression Inventory CDI Manual. New York Multi-Health Syst [Internet]. 1992;1–800. Available from: http://www.pearsonclinical.co.uk/Psychology/ generic/ChildrensDepressionInventory(CDI)/Resources/Technical.pdf.
Radloff LS (1997) The CES-D Scale: a self-report depression scale for research in the general population. Appl Psychol Meas 1(3):385–401. (PMID: 10.1177/014662167700100306)
Kohrt BA, Rasmussen A, Kaiser BN, Haroz EE, Maharjan SM, Mutamba BB et al (2014) Cultural concepts of distress and psychiatric disorders: literature review and research recommendations for global mental health epidemiology. Int J Epidemiol 43(2):365–406. (PMID: 10.1093/ije/dyt22724366490)
Chentsova-Dutton YE, Choi E, Ryder AG, Reyes J (2015) I felt sad and did not enjoy life: cultural context and the associations between anhedonia, depressed mood, and momentary emotions. Transcult Psychiatry. https://doi.org/10.1177/1363461514565850. (PMID: 10.1177/136346151456585026076689)
Iwata N, Buka S (2002) Race/ethnicity and depressive symptoms: a cross-cultural/ethnic comparison among university students in East Asia, North and South America. Soc Sci Med. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0277-9536(02)00003-5. (PMID: 10.1016/S0277-9536(02)00003-512409137)
Shafi AMA, Shafi RMA (2014) Cultural influences on the presentation of depression. Open J Psychiatry 4:390–395. (PMID: 10.4236/ojpsych.2014.44045)
Way BM, Lieberman MD (2010) Is there a genetic contribution to cultural differences? Collectivism, individualism and genetic markers of social sensitivity. Soc Cogn Affect Neurosci. https://doi.org/10.1093/scan/nsq059. (PMID: 10.1093/scan/nsq059205920432894685)
Roberts RE, Lewinsohn PM, Seeley JR (1991) Screening for adolescent depression: a comparison of depression scales. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry 30(1):58–66. https://doi.org/10.1097/00004583-199101000-00009. (PMID: 10.1097/00004583-199101000-000092005065)
Tsang S, Royse CF, Terkawi AS (2017) Guidelines for developing, translating, and validating a question perioperative and pain medicine. Saudi J Anaesth 11:80–89. https://doi.org/10.4103/sja.SJA_203_17. (PMID: 10.4103/sja.SJA_203_17)
Vandenberg RJ, Lance CE (2000) A review and synthesis of the measurement invariance literature: suggestions, practices, and recommendations for organizational research. Organ Res Methods 3:4–70. https://doi.org/10.1177/109442810031002. (PMID: 10.1177/109442810031002)
Bowen NK, Masa RD (2015) Conducting measurement invariance tests with ordinal data: a guide for social work researchers. J Soc Social Work Res 6(2):229–246. (PMID: 10.1086/681607)
Stevanovic D, Jafari P, Knez R, Franic T, Atilola O, Davidovic N et al (2017) Can we really use available scales for child and adolescent psychopathology across cultures? A systematic review of cross-cultural measurement invariance data. Transcult Psychiatry 54(1):125–152. https://doi.org/10.1177/1363461516689215. (PMID: 10.1177/136346151668921528157447)
Juhasz G, Eszlari N, Pap D, Gonda X (2012) Cultural differences in the development and characteristics of depression. Neuropsychopharmacol Hungarica 14(4):259–265.
Milfont TL, Fischer R (2010) Testing measurement invariance across groups: applications in cross-cultural research. Int J Psychol Res 3(1):111–121. https://doi.org/10.21500/20112084.857. (PMID: 10.21500/20112084.857)
Steenkamp JBEM, Baumgartner H (1998) Assessing measurement invariance in cross-national consumer research. J Consum Res 25:78–90. https://doi.org/10.1086/209528. (PMID: 10.1086/209528)
Van de Vijver F, Tanzer NK (2004) Bias and equivalence in cross-cultural assessment: an overview. Rev Eur Psychol Appl 54(2):119–135. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.erap.2003.12.004. (PMID: 10.1016/j.erap.2003.12.004)
Byrne BM (2010) Factor analytic models: viewing the structure of an assessment instrument from three perspectives. J Pers Assess 85(1):17–32. https://doi.org/10.1207/s15327752jpa8501_02. (PMID: 10.1207/s15327752jpa8501_02)
Putnick DL, Bornstein MH (2016) Measurement invariance conventions and reporting: the state of the art and future directions for psychological research. Develop Rev. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dr.2016.06.004. (PMID: 10.1016/j.dr.2016.06.004)
NICE. Depression in children and young people: identification and management [Internet]. 2019. p. 13–6. Available from: https://www.nice.org.uk/guidance/cg28/resources/depression-in-children-and-young-people-identification-and-management-pdf-975332810437.
Daviss BW, Birmaher B, Melhem NA, Axelson DA, Michaels SM, Brent DA (2006) Criterion validity of the mood and feelings questionnaire for depressive episodes in clinic and non-clinic subjects. J Child Psychol Psychiatry Allied Discip 47(9):927–934. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-7610.2006.01646.x. (PMID: 10.1111/j.1469-7610.2006.01646.x)
Kent L, Vostanis P, Feehan C (1997) Detection of major and minor depression in children and adolescents: evaluation of the mood and feelings questionnaire. J Child Psychol Psychiatry 38(5):565–573. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-7610.1997.tb01543.x. (PMID: 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1997.tb01543.x9255700)
Wood A, Kroll L, Moore A (1995) Properties of the mood and feelings questionnaire in adolescent psychiatric outpatients: a research note. J Child Psychol Psychiatry 36(2):327–334. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-7610.1995.tb01828.x. (PMID: 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1995.tb01828.x7759594)
Tavitian L, Atwi M, Bawab S, Hariz N, Zeinoun P, Khani M et al (2014) The arabic mood and feelings questionnaire: psychometrics and validity in a clinical sample. Child Psychiatry Hum Dev 45(3):361–368. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10578-013-0406-6. (PMID: 10.1007/s10578-013-0406-624081605)
Sund AM, Larsson B, Wichstrøm L (2001) Depressive symptoms among young Norwegian adolescents as measured by the mood and feelings questionnaire (MFQ). Eur Child Adolesc Psychiatry 10(4):222–229. https://doi.org/10.1007/s007870170011. (PMID: 10.1007/s00787017001111794547)
Jarbin H, Ivarsson T, Andersson M, Bergman H, Skarphedinsson G (2020) Screening efficiency of znaire (MFQ) and short mood and feelings questionnaire (SMFQ) in Swedish help seeking outpatients. PLoS ONE. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0230623. (PMID: 10.1371/journal.pone.0230623330647217567378)
Kim H, Kim K, Kim J-W (2020) the reliability and validity of the korean version of the mood and feelings questionnaire for depression in youth: a cross-cultural perspective. Child Psychiatry Hum Dev. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10578-020-01026-0. (PMID: 10.1007/s10578-020-01026-032980924)
Eg J, Bilenberg N, Costello EJ, Wesselhoeft R (2018) Self- and parent-reported depressive symptoms rated by the mood and feelings questionnaire. Psychiatry Res 268:419–425. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psychres.2018.07.016. (PMID: 10.1016/j.psychres.2018.07.01630130708)
Fuseekul N, Orchard F, Reynolds S (2021) Psychometric properties of the Thai mood and feelings questionnaire (MFQ) for adolescent depression. Child Adolesc Psychiatry Ment Health. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13034-021-00372-8. (PMID: 10.1186/s13034-021-00372-8338367808035723)
Angold A, Costello EJ, Messer SC (1995) Development of a short questionnaire for use in epidemiological studies of depression in children and adolescents. Int J Method Psychiatr Res 5:237–249.
Banh MK, Crane PK, Rhew I, Gudmundsen G, Vander SA, Lyon A et al (2012) Measurement equivalence across racial/ethnic groups of the mood and feelings questionnaire for childhood depression. J Abnorm Child Psychol 40(3):353–367. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10802-011-9569-4. (PMID: 10.1007/s10802-011-9569-4219969793626410)
Jeffreys M, Rozenman M, Gonzalez A, Warnick EM, Dauser C, Scahill L et al (2016) Factor structure of the parent-report mood and feelings questionnaire (MFQ) in an outpatient mental health sample. J Abnorm Child Psychol. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10802-015-0108-6. (PMID: 10.1007/s10802-015-0108-626670323)
Fernandez-Martinez I, Morales A, Espada JP, Orgiles M (2020) Psychometric properties and factorial structure of the Spanish version of the parent-report Mood and Feelings Questionnaire (MFQ-P). Clin Child Psychol Psychiatry 25(2):533–544. https://doi.org/10.1177/1359104519897939. (PMID: 10.1177/135910451989793931908188)
Beauducel A, Herzberg YP (2006) On the performance of maximum likelihood versus means and variance adjusted weighted least squares estimation in CFA. Struct Equ Model 13(2):186–203. https://doi.org/10.1207/s15328007sem1302_2. (PMID: 10.1207/s15328007sem1302_2)
Muthén LK, Muthén BO. Mplus: The comprehensive modelling program for applied researchers: User’s guide. 2015. 5.
Jeffreys M, Rozenman M, Gonzalez A, Warnick EM, Dauser C, Scahill L et al (2016) Factor structure of the parent-report Mood and Feelings Questionnaire (MFQ) in an outpatient mental health sample. J Abnorm Child Psychol 44:1111–1120. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10802-015-0108-6. (PMID: 10.1007/s10802-015-0108-626670323)
Hu LT, Bentler PM (1999) Cutoff criteria for fit indexes in covariance structure analysis: conventional criteria versus new alternatives. Struct Equ Model. https://doi.org/10.1080/10705519909540118. (PMID: 10.1080/10705519909540118)
Cheung GW, Rensvold RB (2002) Evaluating goodness-of-fit indexes for testing measurement invariance. Struct Equ Model. https://doi.org/10.1207/S15328007SEM0902_5. (PMID: 10.1207/S15328007SEM0902_5)
Lei M, Lomax RG (2005) The effect of varying degrees of nonnormality in structural equation modeling. Struct Equ Model. https://doi.org/10.1207/s15328007sem1201_1. (PMID: 10.1207/s15328007sem1201_1)
Chen FF (2007) Sensitivity of goodness of fit indexes to lack of measurement invariance. Struct Equ Model 14(3):464–504. https://doi.org/10.1080/10705510701301834. (PMID: 10.1080/10705510701301834)
Byrne BM (2001) Structural equation modeling with AMOS: basic concepts. Appl Program Mahwah, New Jersey.
Yoon M, Millsap RE (2007) Detecting violations of factorial invariance using data-based specification searches: a Monte Carlo study. Struct Equ Model 14(3):435–463. https://doi.org/10.1080/10705510701301677. (PMID: 10.1080/10705510701301677)
Rhudy J, Arnau RC, Lannon EW, Kuhn BL, Palit S et al (2020) Examining configural, metric, and scalar invariance of the pain catastrophizing scale in native American and non-hispanic white adults in the oklahoma study of native american pain risk (OK-SNAP). J Pain Res 6(13):961–969. (PMID: 10.2147/JPR.S242126)
Vandenberg RJ, Lance CE (2000) A review and synthesis of the measurement invariance literature: suggestions, practices, and recommendations for organizational research. Organ Res Methods 3(1):4–70. https://doi.org/10.1177/109442810031002. (PMID: 10.1177/109442810031002)
Byrne BM. 2001 Structural equation modeling with AMOS: Basic concepts, Applications, and Programming. Applications, and Programming, Mahwah, New Jersey. New Jersey, USA: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates. 200–224.
Byrne BM, Shavelson RJ, Muthén B (1989) Testing for the equivalence of factor covariance and mean structures: the issue of partial measurement invariance. Psychol Bull 105:456. (PMID: 10.1037/0033-2909.105.3.456)
Jung E, Yoon M (2016) Two-step approach to partial factorial invariance: selecting a reference variable and identifying the source of noninvariance. Struct Equ Model 24:1–15. https://doi.org/10.1080/10705511.2016.1251845. (PMID: 10.1080/10705511.2016.1251845)
Whittaker TA (2012) Using the modification index and standardized expected parameter change for model modification. J Exp Educ 80(1):26–44. https://doi.org/10.1080/00220973.2010.531299. (PMID: 10.1080/00220973.2010.531299)
Dimitrov DM (2010) Testing for factorial invariance in the context of construct validation. Meas Eval Couns Dev 2017:43. https://doi.org/10.1177/0748175610373459. (PMID: 10.1177/0748175610373459)
Department of Mental Health. The Prevalence of Major Depressive Disorder in Thai Population Aged 15 and over. Bangkok. (2019). http://healthkpi.moph.go.th/kpi/kpi-list/view/?id=780.
Matsumoto D, Yoo SH, Chung J (2010) The expression of anger across cultures. Int Handbook Anger. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-0-387-89676-2_8. (PMID: 10.1007/978-0-387-89676-2_8)
Butler EA, Lee TL, Gross JJ (2007) Emotion regulation and culture: are the social consequences of emotion suppression culture-specific? Emotion. https://doi.org/10.1037/1528-3542.7.1.30. (PMID: 10.1037/1528-3542.7.1.3017352561)
Weiss B, Tram JM, Weisz JR, Rescorla L, Achenbach TM (2009) Differential symptom expression and somatization in Thai versus US. Children J Consult Clin Psychol. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0016779. (PMID: 10.1037/a001677919803578)
Holmes H, Tangtongtavy S. Working with the Thais. Second. Bangkok: White Lotus; 2000. 55–59 p.
Yen S, Robins CJ, Lin N (2000) A cross-cultural comparison of depressive symptom manifestation: China and the United States. J Consult Clin Psychol 68(6):993–999. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-006X.68.6.993. (PMID: 10.1037/0022-006X.68.6.99311142551)
Wu W, Lu Y, Tan F, Yao S, Steca P, Abela JRZ et al (2012) Assessing measurement invariance of the children’s depression inventory in Chinese and Italian primary school student samples. Assessment. https://doi.org/10.1177/1073191111421286. (PMID: 10.1177/107319111142128622984142)
Huang V, Beshai S, Yu M (2016) The effects of the gender-culture interaction on self-reports of depressive symptoms: cross-cultural study amone Egyptians and Canadians. PeerJ. https://doi.org/10.7717/peerj.2783. (PMID: 10.7717/peerj.2783282868675162400)
Ryder AG, Yang J, Zhu X, Yao S, Yi J, Heine SJ et al (2008) The Cultural shaping of depression: somatic symptoms in china, psychological symptoms in North America? J Abnorm Psychol 117(2):300–313. https://doi.org/10.1037/0021-843X.117.2.300. (PMID: 10.1037/0021-843X.117.2.30018489206)
Stewart SM, Kennard BD, Hughes CW, Mayes TL, Emslie GJ, Lee PWH et al (2004) A cross-cultural investigation of cognitions and depressive symptoms in adolescents. J Abnorm Psychol. https://doi.org/10.1037/0021-843X.113.2.248. (PMID: 10.1037/0021-843X.113.2.24815122945)
Lu W (2019) Adolescent depression: national trends, risk factors, and healthcare disparities. Am J Health Behav 43(1):181–194. https://doi.org/10.5993/AJHB.43.1.15. (PMID: 10.5993/AJHB.43.1.1530522576)
Racine N, McArthur BA, Cooke JE, Eirich R, Zhu J, Madigan S (2021) Global prevalence of depressive and anxiety symptoms in children and adolescents during COVID-19: a Meta-analysis. JAMA Pediatr. https://doi.org/10.1001/jamapediatrics.2021.2482. (PMID: 10.1001/jamapediatrics.2021.2482343699878353576)
Thapar A, Collishaw S, Pine DS, Thapar AK (2012) Depression in adolescence. Lancet 379:1059–1067. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(11)60871-4. (PMID: 10.1016/S0140-6736(11)60871-4)
Vares EA, Salum GA, Spanemberg L, Caldleraro MA, Fleck MP (2015) Depression dimensions: integrating clinical signs and symptoms from the perspectives of clinicians and patients. PLoS ONE. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0136037. (PMID: 10.1371/journal.pone.0136037263135564552383)

Keywords: Confirmatory analysis; Cross-cultural comparison; Depression measures; Measurement invariance; Mood and Feelings Questionnaire

Date Created: 20230731 Date Completed: 20240516 Latest Revision: 20240831

20240831

10.1007/s00787-023-02268-8

37522960