Encapsulation of activated carbon into calcium alginate microspheres toward granular-activated carbon adsorbents for elemental mercury capture from natural gas.

Publisher: Springer Country of Publication: Germany NLM ID: 9441769 Publication Model: Print-Electronic Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 1614-7499 (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 09441344 NLM ISO Abbreviation: Environ Sci Pollut Res Int Subsets: MEDLINE

Publication: <2013->: Berlin : Springer
Original Publication: Landsberg, Germany : Ecomed

Charcoal*/chemistry ; Mercury*/chemistry; Natural Gas ; Alginates/chemistry ; Microspheres ; Powders ; Adsorption ; Kinetics

Activated carbon (AC) is an effective adsorbent for removing environmental pollutants. However, the traditional powder form of AC shows difficulty in handling during application which widely limits its utilization on the industrial scale. Herein, to avoid such limitation, traditional AC powder was encapsulated into calcium alginate (CA) microspheres. Calcium alginate/activated carbon (CAA) composite microspheres were prepared via cross-linking of sodium alginate/activated carbon composite solutions in a calcium chloride solution. Furthermore, in order to boost adsorption affinity of CAA composite microspheres toward elemental mercury (Hg°), ammonium iodide (NH 4 I)-treated calcium alginate/activated carbon (NCA) composite microspheres were obtained by a simple impregnation method using NH 4 I treatment. The morphological, structural, and textural properties of the microspheres were characterized and their Hg° adsorptive capacity was tested at different temperatures. Interestingly, the maximum adsorption capacity of NCA adsorbent composite microspheres was determined as 36,056.5 μg/g at a flow rate of 250 mL/min, temperature of 25 °C, and 500 μg/Nm ³ of Hg° initial concentration. The Gibbs free energy (ΔG°) for NCA adsorbent composite microspheres varied from - 8.59 to - 10.54 kJ/mol indicating a spontaneous adsorption process with an exothermic nature. The experimental Hg° breakthrough curve correlated well with Yoon‒Nelson and Thomas models. The breakthrough time (t b ) and equilibrium time (t e ) were found to be 7.5 days and 23 days, respectively. Collectively, the findings of this work indicate a good feasibility of using NCA composite microspheres as potential adsorbents for removing Hg° from natural gas.
(© 2023. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature.)

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Keywords: Activated carbon; Ammonium iodide treatment; Calcium alginate; Elemental mercury capture; Microspheres; Natural gas

16291-96-6 (Charcoal)
0 (Natural Gas)
FXS1BY2PGL (Mercury)
0 (Alginates)
0 (Powders)

Date Created: 20230615 Date Completed: 20230719 Latest Revision: 20230719

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