Understanding the Rhodopsin Worldview Through Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM): Structure, Stability, and Activity Studies.

Publisher: Wiley Country of Publication: United States NLM ID: 101085550 Publication Model: Print-Electronic Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 1528-0691 (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 15280691 NLM ISO Abbreviation: Chem Rec Subsets: MEDLINE

Original Publication: New York : Wiley, c2000-

Rhodopsin*/analysis ; Rhodopsin*/chemistry ; Rod Cell Outer Segment*/chemistry; Cell Membrane/chemistry ; Microscopy, Atomic Force ; Reactive Oxygen Species

Rhodopsin is a G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) present in the rod outer segment (ROS) of photoreceptor cells that initiates the phototransduction cascade required for scotopic vision. Due to the remarkable advancements in technological tools, the chemistry of rhodopsin has begun to unravel especially over the past few decades, but mostly at the ensemble scale. Atomic force microscopy (AFM) is a tool capable of providing critical information from a single-molecule point of view. In this regard, to bolster our understanding of rhodopsin at the nanoscale level, AFM-based imaging, force spectroscopy, and nano-indentation techniques were employed on ROS disc membranes containing rhodopsin, isolated from vertebrate species both in normal and diseased states. These AFM studies on samples from native retinal tissue have provided fundamental insights into the structure and function of rhodopsin under normal and dysfunctional states. We review here the findings from these AFM studies that provide important insights on the supramolecular organization of rhodopsin within the membrane and factors that contribute to this organization, the molecular interactions stabilizing the structure of the receptor and factors that can modify those interactions, and the mechanism underlying constitutive activity in the receptor that can cause disease.
(© 2023 The Authors. The Chemical Record published by The Chemical Society of Japan and Wiley-VCH GmbH.)

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R01 EY021731 United States EY NEI NIH HHS; R01EY021731 United States NH NIH HHS; R01EY021731 United States NH NIH HHS

Keywords: Atomic force microscopy (AFM); Constitutive activity; G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR); Phototransduction; Rhodopsin

9009-81-8 (Rhodopsin)
0 (Reactive Oxygen Species)

Date Created: 20230602 Date Completed: 20231013 Latest Revision: 20240303

20240303

PMC10908267

10.1002/tcr.202300113

37265335