Effects of Essential Oils and Fragrant Compounds on Appetite: A Systematic Review.

Publisher: MDPI Country of Publication: Switzerland NLM ID: 101092791 Publication Model: Electronic Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 1422-0067 (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 14220067 NLM ISO Abbreviation: Int J Mol Sci Subsets: MEDLINE

Original Publication: Basel, Switzerland : MDPI, [2000-

Appetite* ; Oils, Volatile*/pharmacology ; Oils, Volatile*/metabolism; Rats ; Mice ; Animals ; Nerve Tissue Proteins/metabolism ; Neuropeptide Y/metabolism ; Hypothalamus/metabolism ; Leptin/metabolism ; Appetite Regulation ; Agouti-Related Protein/genetics ; Eating

Appetite dysregulation is one of the factors contributing to anorexia, bulimia nervosa, obesity, and diabetes. Essential oils or fragrant compounds have been proven to regulate food intake and energy expenditure; hence, this study aimed to summarize their effects on appetite and the underlying mechanisms. The PubMed and Web of Science databases were searched until July 2022. Only two of the 41 studies were performed clinically, and the remaining 39 used animal models. Oral administration was the most common route, and a dosage range of 100-2000 mg/kg for mice or 2-32 mg/kg for rats was applied, with a duration of 12 days to 4 weeks, followed by inhalation (10 ^-6 -10 ^-3 mg/cage or 10 ^-9 -10 ^-2 mg/cm ³ within 1 h). Approximately 11 essential oil samples and 22 fragrant compounds were found to increase appetite, while 12 essential oils and seven compounds decreased appetite. These fragrant components can exert appetite-regulating effects via leptin resistance, the activity of sympathetic/parasympathetic nerves, or the mRNA expression of neuropeptide Y (NPY)/agouti-related protein (AgRP), cocaine- and amphetamine-regulated transcript (CART)/proopiomelanocortin (POMC) in the hypothalamus. Fragrance memory and cognitive processes may also play roles in appetite regulation. The findings of this study accentuate the potential of essential oils and fragrant compounds to regulate appetite and eating disorders.

Evid Based Complement Alternat Med. 2013;2013:856168. (PMID: 24151521)
Ann Endocrinol (Paris). 2019 Feb;80(1):38-46. (PMID: 30243474)
Sci Rep. 2013;3:1518. (PMID: 23519146)
Mini Rev Med Chem. 2020;20(9):768-778. (PMID: 30961494)
J Food Biochem. 2021 Jan;45(1):e13547. (PMID: 33152801)
Biol Pharm Bull. 2017;40(4):524-530. (PMID: 28381807)
Front Cell Neurosci. 2019 May 27;13:205. (PMID: 31191250)
Eur Neuropsychopharmacol. 2021 Dec;53:49-78. (PMID: 34461386)
Phytother Res. 2002 Jun;16(4):301-8. (PMID: 12112282)
Endocrinol Diabetes Nutr (Engl Ed). 2021 Nov;68(9):654-663. (PMID: 34906346)
Appetite. 2017 Oct 1;117:335-341. (PMID: 28729200)
Prev Vet Med. 2017 Feb 1;137(Pt A):28-35. (PMID: 28107878)
Front Psychiatry. 2020 Jan 08;10:928. (PMID: 31969841)
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2003 Oct 28;100(22):12624-9. (PMID: 14532332)
Nat Commun. 2014 Apr 29;5:3611. (PMID: 24781306)
Chem Biodivers. 2009 Nov;6(11):1900-16. (PMID: 19937828)
BMC Public Health. 2022 Jun 9;22(1):1156. (PMID: 35681193)
Nucleic Acids Res. 2023 Jan 6;51(D1):D1373-D1380. (PMID: 36305812)
Cancer Treat Res Commun. 2021;27:100336. (PMID: 33607591)
J Anim Physiol Anim Nutr (Berl). 2006 Dec;90(11-12):500-10. (PMID: 17083431)
PLoS One. 2020 Nov 4;15(11):e0241666. (PMID: 33147299)
Obes Rev. 2007 Mar;8 Suppl 1:67-72. (PMID: 17316305)
Addict Biol. 2008 Sep;13(3-4):358-63. (PMID: 18782383)
Vet Med Sci. 2021 Jan;7(1):184-193. (PMID: 32864892)
Drug Res (Stuttg). 2018 Nov;68(11):637-647. (PMID: 29635674)
Planta Med. 2016 Jan;82(1-2):84-8. (PMID: 26756819)
Pak J Biol Sci. 2013 Oct 1;16(19):1028-33. (PMID: 24502166)
J Comp Neurol. 2000 Apr 3;419(2):205-22. (PMID: 10722999)
J Psychopharmacol. 2017 Nov;31(11):1460-1474. (PMID: 29072515)
J Anim Sci. 2019 Apr 3;97(4):1819-1827. (PMID: 30753570)
Appetite. 2002 Feb;38(1):29-38. (PMID: 11883915)
Regul Toxicol Pharmacol. 2015 Feb;71(1):1-7. (PMID: 25445298)
Int J Obes (Lond). 2020 Oct;44(10):2149-2164. (PMID: 32152498)
J Clin Med. 2021 Jun 09;10(12):. (PMID: 34207744)
Elife. 2014 Dec 23;3:e04577. (PMID: 25535793)
Int J Mol Sci. 2021 May 14;22(10):. (PMID: 34068919)
J Comp Neurol. 2006 Jul 1;497(1):101-14. (PMID: 16680763)
Complement Ther Med. 2020 May;50:102202. (PMID: 32444032)
Appetite. 2018 May 1;124:24-32. (PMID: 28554850)
Biol Pharm Bull. 2016;39(9):1559-63. (PMID: 27582336)
Tohoku J Exp Med. 2008 Apr;214(4):327-32. (PMID: 18441508)
Neurogastroenterol Motil. 2014 Mar;26(3):303-15. (PMID: 24548257)
J Toxicol. 2019 Jan 27;2019:5979546. (PMID: 30833968)
Int J Biometeorol. 2015 Nov;59(11):1711-9. (PMID: 25791163)
PeerJ. 2021 Oct 15;9:e12164. (PMID: 34721958)
Phytother Res. 2010 Dec;24(12):1893-7. (PMID: 20623616)
Dis Model Mech. 2017 Jun 1;10(6):679-689. (PMID: 28592656)
Curr Res Toxicol. 2021 May 18;2:192-201. (PMID: 34345860)
J Oleo Sci. 2022;71(1):95-104. (PMID: 35013040)
Cancer Res. 2007 Mar 15;67(6):2497-507. (PMID: 17363567)
J Food Sci. 2020 Apr;85(4):1338-1343. (PMID: 32232993)
Front Cell Neurosci. 2021 Apr 01;15:662453. (PMID: 33867944)
Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab. 2021 Mar 1;320(3):E488-E495. (PMID: 33459179)
Front Pharmacol. 2022 Apr 12;13:860043. (PMID: 35496310)
Nutrients. 2020 Dec 28;13(1):. (PMID: 33379179)
J Am Chem Soc. 2022 Mar 2;144(8):3314-3329. (PMID: 35188375)
Eat Behav. 2019 Aug;34:101305. (PMID: 31226667)
BMC Complement Altern Med. 2019 Nov 11;19(1):306. (PMID: 31711477)
Gut. 2000 Dec;47 Suppl 4:iv33-5; discussion iv36. (PMID: 11076905)
Nat Rev Endocrinol. 2019 Jul;15(7):393-405. (PMID: 31073218)
Neural Plast. 2013;2013:438072. (PMID: 23970977)
Endocr J. 2010;57(5):359-72. (PMID: 20424341)
Pharmaceutics. 2019 Mar 19;11(3):. (PMID: 30893852)
Nature. 2001 May 24;411(6836):476-80. (PMID: 11373680)
Int J Mol Sci. 2021 May 03;22(9):. (PMID: 34063646)
J Food Drug Anal. 2015 Mar;23(1):124-129. (PMID: 28911435)
Front Pharmacol. 2017 Nov 09;8:786. (PMID: 29170638)
Insects. 2020 Jan 07;11(1):. (PMID: 31936165)
Molecules. 2021 Jan 27;26(3):. (PMID: 33514008)
Front Psychol. 2019 Feb 13;10:62. (PMID: 30814963)
J Nat Med. 2019 Jun;73(3):513-522. (PMID: 30919203)
Biol Pharm Bull. 2016;39(5):794-8. (PMID: 27150149)
J Burn Care Res. 2007 May-Jun;28(3):412-20. (PMID: 17438485)
BMC Complement Altern Med. 2016 Jul 22;16:236. (PMID: 27450078)
Elife. 2018 Mar 12;7:. (PMID: 29528284)
Nutrients. 2020 Jul 13;12(7):. (PMID: 32668680)
Neurosci Lett. 2005 Jul 22-29;383(1-2):188-93. (PMID: 15878236)
Molecules. 2022 Mar 22;27(7):. (PMID: 35408451)
Physiol Behav. 2014 Sep;136:22-30. (PMID: 24874776)
Int J Nanomedicine. 2006;1(4):411-6. (PMID: 17722275)
J Nat Med. 2018 Jun;72(3):798-802. (PMID: 29569223)
Neurobiol Learn Mem. 2020 Nov;175:107317. (PMID: 33007461)
Front Physiol. 2019 Jan 11;9:1954. (PMID: 30687134)
Phytomedicine. 2016 Dec 15;23(14):1727-1734. (PMID: 27912874)
Pharmacol Ther. 2020 Dec;216:107686. (PMID: 32961262)
J Nat Med. 2020 Sep;74(4):710-721. (PMID: 32556946)
Brain Res. 2007 Jun 4;1152:234-40. (PMID: 17434149)
Appetite. 2016 Oct 1;105:700-4. (PMID: 27395410)
Nutrients. 2019 Nov 08;11(11):. (PMID: 31717265)
Ann Nutr Metab. 2018;73(1):19-29. (PMID: 29843129)
Appetite. 2002 Oct;39(2):159-66. (PMID: 12354684)
Biomed Pharmacother. 2022 Feb;146:112514. (PMID: 34963087)
Br J Pharmacol. 2015 Nov;172(22):5225-38. (PMID: 26403657)
Neurosci Lett. 2008 Nov 28;446(1):36-9. (PMID: 18809464)
Hypertension. 2003 Mar;41(3 Pt 2):763-7. (PMID: 12623993)
Jpn J Pharmacol. 2002 Nov;90(3):247-53. (PMID: 12499579)
Mol Aspects Med. 2019 Aug;68:60-73. (PMID: 31325458)
Int J Surg. 2021 Apr;88:105906. (PMID: 33789826)
Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2021 Mar 09;18(5):. (PMID: 33803367)
Ann N Y Acad Sci. 2012 Aug;1264:13-9. (PMID: 22612379)
Neurosci Lett. 2005 Jun 3;380(3):289-94. (PMID: 15862904)
Heliyon. 2018 Nov 02;4(10):e00881. (PMID: 30417147)
Sci Rep. 2020 Dec 16;10(1):22093. (PMID: 33328492)
EMBO Rep. 2009 Mar;10(3):194-200. (PMID: 19229284)
Pharmaceutics. 2021 Jul 14;13(7):. (PMID: 34371768)
Nutrients. 2015 Mar 12;7(3):1859-70. (PMID: 25774603)
Genes Brain Behav. 2014 Nov;13(8):784-93. (PMID: 25160767)
Front Psychiatry. 2021 Dec 15;12:791991. (PMID: 34975590)
Emotion. 2021 Feb;21(1):148-158. (PMID: 31589063)
Obesity (Silver Spring). 2008 Oct;16(10):2239-44. (PMID: 18719668)
Behav Brain Res. 2019 Oct 17;372:112041. (PMID: 31220485)
Int J Mol Sci. 2020 Jul 24;21(15):. (PMID: 32722222)
Toxicol Sci. 2003 Feb;71(2):198-206. (PMID: 12563105)
Brain Sci. 2022 Mar 24;12(4):. (PMID: 35447963)
Rev Endocr Metab Disord. 2022 Feb;23(1):87-101. (PMID: 33822303)

2023 Dongguk University Research Fund; NRF-2021R1I1A2048979 National Research Foundation of Korea

Keywords: appetite; eating disorder; essential oil; food intake; fragrant compound

0 (Oils, Volatile)
0 (Nerve Tissue Proteins)
0 (Neuropeptide Y)
0 (Leptin)
0 (Agouti-Related Protein)

Date Created: 20230513 Date Completed: 20230515 Latest Revision: 20230515

20231215

PMC10178777

10.3390/ijms24097962

37175666