Socioeconomic position and the influence of food portion size on daily energy intake in adult females: two randomized controlled trials.

Publisher: BioMed Central Country of Publication: England NLM ID: 101217089 Publication Model: Electronic Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 1479-5868 (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 14795868 NLM ISO Abbreviation: Int J Behav Nutr Phys Act Subsets: MEDLINE

Original Publication: [London] : BioMed Central, c2004-

Diet* ; Portion Size*; Adult ; Child ; Female ; Humans ; Energy Intake ; Meals ; Socioeconomic Factors

Background: Reducing portion sizes of commercially available foods could be an effective public health strategy to reduce population energy intake, but recent research suggests that the effect portion size has on energy intake may differ based on socioeconomic position (SEP).
Objective: We tested whether the effect of reducing food portion sizes on daily energy intake differed based on SEP.
Methods: Participants were served either smaller or larger portions of food at lunch and evening meals (N = 50; Study 1) and breakfast, lunch and evening meals (N = 46; Study 2) in the laboratory on two separate days, in repeated-measures designs. The primary outcome was total daily energy intake (kcal). Participant recruitment was stratified by primary indicators of SEP; highest educational qualification (Study 1) and subjective social status (Study 2), and randomisation to the order portion sizes were served was stratified by SEP. Secondary indicators of SEP in both studies included household income, self-reported childhood financial hardship and a measure accounting for total years in education.
Results: In both studies, smaller (vs larger) meal portions led to a reduction in daily energy intake (ps < .02). Smaller portions resulted in a reduction of 235 kcal per day (95% CI: 134, 336) in Study 1 and 143 kcal per day (95% CI: 24, 263) in Study 2. There was no evidence in either study that effects of portion size on energy intake differed by SEP. Results were consistent when examining effects on portion-manipulated meal (as opposed to daily) energy intake.
Conclusions: Reducing meal portion sizes could be an effective way to reduce overall daily energy intake and contrary to other suggestions it may be a socioeconomically equitable approach to improving diet.
Trial Registration: These trials were registered at www.
Clinicaltrials: gov as NCT05173376 and NCT05399836.
(© 2023. The Author(s).)

Erratum in: Int J Behav Nutr Phys Act. 2023 Aug 4;20(1):96. (PMID: 37542289)

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Keywords: Energy intake; Food environment; Nudging; Portion control; Portion size; Socioeconomic position

ClinicalTrials.gov NCT05399836; NCT05173376

Date Created: 20230426 Date Completed: 20230428 Latest Revision: 20231121

20231121

PMC10134633

10.1186/s12966-023-01453-x

37101143