Population-level policy recommendations for the prevention of disordered weight control behaviors: A scoping review.

Publisher: Wiley Country of Publication: United States NLM ID: 8111226 Publication Model: Print-Electronic Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 1098-108X (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 02763478 NLM ISO Abbreviation: Int J Eat Disord Subsets: MEDLINE

Publication: <2005-> : Hoboken, NJ : Wiley
Original Publication: [New York, N.Y. : Van Nostrand Reinhold Co., c1981-

Health Behavior* ; Body Dissatisfaction*; Humans ; Public Policy ; Weight Loss ; Public Health

Objective: The aim of this scoping review was to identify recommendations and gaps in knowledge surrounding the prevention of disordered weight control behaviors (DWCBs) through policy.
Method: A search was conducted in several databases to identify English language articles that described an active policy, recommendation, guideline, or educational curriculum that could be implemented by governments or regulatory bodies to prevent DWCBs or related constructs (e.g., weight stigma, body dissatisfaction). Two researchers independently screened articles with oversight from a third researcher. Data were extracted from the final sample (n = 65) and analyzed qualitatively across all articles and within the domains of education, public policy, public health, industry regulation, and media.
Results: Only a single empirical evaluation of an implemented policy to reduce DWCBs was identified. Over one-third of articles proposed recommendations relating to industry regulation and media (n = 24, 36.9%), followed by education (n = 21, 32.3%), public policy (n = 19, 29.2%), and public health (n = 10, 15.4%). Recommendations included school-based changes to curricula, staff training, and anti-bullying policies; legislation to ban weight discrimination; policies informed by strategic science; collaboration with researchers from other fields; de-emphasizing weight in health communications; diversifying body sizes and limiting modified images in media; and restricting the sale of weight-loss supplements.
Discussion: The findings of this review highlight gaps in empirically evaluated policies to reduce DWCBs but also promising policy recommendations across several domains. Although some policy recommendations were supported by empirical evidence, others were primarily based on experts' knowledge, highlighting the need for greater research on population-level DWCBs prevention through policy.
Public Significance: Our scoping review of the evidence on policies for the prevention of disordered weight control behaviors identified several recommendations across the domains of education, public policy, public health, and industry regulation and media. Although few empirical investigations of implemented policies have been conducted, expert recommendations for policies to prevent disordered weight control behaviors among populations are plentiful and warrant future consideration by researchers and policymakers alike.
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MFE-171217 Canada CIHR

Keywords: body dissatisfaction; body image; disordered eating; feeding and eating disorders; health education; public health; public policy; universal prevention; weight control behaviors
Local Abstract: [Publisher, Spanish; Castilian] El objetivo de esta revisión sistemática exploratoria fue identificar recomendaciones y lagunas en el conocimiento sobre la prevención de comportamientos disfuncionales de control de peso (DWCB) a través de políticas. MÉTODO: Se realizó una búsqueda en varias bases de datos para identificar artículos en ingel resumenlés que describieran una política activa, recomendación, directriz o currículo educativo que pudieran implementar los gobiernos u organismos reguladores para prevenir DWCB o constructos relacionados (por ejemplo, estigma de peso, insatisfacción corporal). Dos investigadores examinaron de forma independiente los artículos con la supervisión de un tercer investigador. Los datos se extrajeron de la muestra final (n = 65) y se analizaron cualitativamente en todos los artículos y dentro de los dominios de educación, políticas públicas, salud pública, regulación de la industria y medios de comunicación. [Publisher, Spanish; Castilian] Solo se identificó una evaluación empírica única de una política implementada para reducir los DWCB. Más de un tercio de los artículos propusieron recomendaciones relacionadas con la regulación de la industria y los medios de comunicación (n = 24, 36.9%), seguido de educación (n = 21, 32.3%), políticas públicas (n = 19, 29.2%) y salud pública (n = 10, 15.4%). Las recomendaciones incluyeron cambios en los planes de estudio, capacitación del personal y políticas contra el acoso (bullying); legislación para prohibir la discriminación por peso; políticas basadas en la ciencia estratégica; colaboración con investigadores de otros campos; restar importancia al peso en las comunicaciones sanitarias; diversificar los tamaños corporales y limitar las imágenes modificadas en los medios; y restringir la venta de suplementos para bajar de peso. DISCUSIÓN: Los hallazgos de esta revisión destacan las brechas en las políticas evaluadas empíricamente para reducir los DWCB, pero también las recomendaciones de políticas prometedoras en varios dominios. Aunque algunas recomendaciones de políticas estaban respaldadas por evidencia empírica, otras se basaban principalmente en el conocimiento de expertos, destacando la necesidad de una mayor investigación sobre la prevención de DWCB a nivel poblacional a través de políticas.

Date Created: 20230425 Date Completed: 20230814 Latest Revision: 20230814

20240829

10.1002/eat.23970

37096990