Human and bacterial TatD enzymes exhibit apurinic/apyrimidinic (AP) endonuclease activity.

Publisher: Oxford University Press Country of Publication: England NLM ID: 0411011 Publication Model: Print Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 1362-4962 (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 03051048 NLM ISO Abbreviation: Nucleic Acids Res Subsets: MEDLINE

Publication: 1992- : Oxford : Oxford University Press
Original Publication: London, Information Retrieval ltd.

DNA Repair* ; DNA-(Apurinic or Apyrimidinic Site) Lyase*/metabolism ; Exonucleases*/metabolism; Humans ; Endonucleases/metabolism ; Escherichia coli/metabolism

TatD enzymes are evolutionarily conserved deoxyribonucleases associated with DNA repair, apoptosis, development, and parasite virulence. Three TatD paralogs exist in humans, but their nuclease functions are unknown. Here, we describe the nuclease activities of two of the three human TatD paralogs, TATDN1 and TATDN3, which represent two phylogenetically distinct clades based on unique active site motifs. We found that in addition to 3'-5' exonuclease activity associated with other TatD proteins, both TATDN1 and TATDN3 exhibited apurinic/apyrimidinic (AP) endonuclease activity. The AP endonuclease activity was observed only in double-stranded DNA, whereas exonuclease activity was operative primarily in single-stranded DNA. Both nuclease activities were observed in the presence of Mg2+ or Mn2+, and we identified several divalent metal cofactors that inhibited exonuclease and supported AP endonuclease activity. Biochemical analysis and a crystal structure of TATDN1 bound to 2'-deoxyadenosine 5'-monophosphate in the active site are consistent with two-metal ion catalysis, and we identify several residues that differentiate nuclease activities in the two proteins. In addition, we show that the three Escherichia coli TatD paralogs are also AP endonucleases, indicating that this activity is conserved across evolution. Together, these results indicate that TatD enzymes constitute a family of ancient AP endonucleases.
(© The Author(s) 2023. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of Nucleic Acids Research.)

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R35 GM136401 United States GM NIGMS NIH HHS

EC 4.2.99.18 (DNA-(Apurinic or Apyrimidinic Site) Lyase)
EC 3.1.- (Endonucleases)
EC 3.1.- (Exonucleases)
EC 3.1.- (TatD protein, E coli)

Date Created: 20230307 Date Completed: 20230412 Latest Revision: 20230418

20230418

PMC10085689

10.1093/nar/gkad133

36881763