Dietary patterns and young adult body mass change: A 9-year longitudinal study.

Publisher: Steinkopff Country of Publication: Germany NLM ID: 100888704 Publication Model: Print-Electronic Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 1436-6215 (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 14366207 NLM ISO Abbreviation: Eur J Nutr Subsets: MEDLINE

Original Publication: Darmstadt, Germany : Steinkopff, 1999-

Diet* ; Weight Gain*; Humans ; Young Adult ; Adult ; Longitudinal Studies ; Diet, Western/adverse effects ; Body Mass Index ; Life Style ; Feeding Behavior

Purpose: While excessive weight gain is highest during young adulthood, the extent to which specific dietary patterns are associated with changes in measures of body mass in this course of life remains unknown. We aimed to examine the associations of dietary patterns at 21 years with changes in body weight and body mass index (BMI) between 21 and 30 years.
Methods: We used data on young adults from a long-running birth cohort in Australia. Western and prudent dietary patterns were identified applying principal component analysis to 33 food groups obtained by a food frequency questionnaire at 21 years. Body weight and height were measured at 21 and 30 years. Multivariable regression models, using generalized estimating equations, were adjusted for concurrent changes in sociodemographic and lifestyle variables in evaluating the effect of identified dietary patterns on changes in weight and BMI over time.
Results: In the fully adjusted model, young adults in the highest tertile of the Western pattern had a mean weight gain of 9.9 (95% CI 8.5, 11.3) kg compared to those in the lowest that had a mean weight gain of 7.1 (95% CI 5.6, 8.5) kg, P-for linear trend = 0.0015. The corresponding values for mean gains in BMI were 3.1 (95% CI 2.7, 3.6) kg/m ² for young adults in the highest tertile compared to 2.4 (95% CI 1.9, 2.9) kg/m ² for those in lowest, P-for linear trend = 0.0164. There was no evidence of a significant association between the prudent pattern and mean changes in each outcome over time in this study.
Conclusions: The findings of the current study show that greater adherence to the Western diet at 21 years was positively associated with increases in body weight and BMI from 21 to 30 years of age, whereas the prudent diet had no significant association with these outcomes. The findings provide evidence that the adverse effects of the Western diet on weight gain in young adulthood could partly be prevented through optimising diet in the early course of life.
(© 2023. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany.)

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grant number NHMRC Grant number 210298 National Council for Eurasian and East European Research

Keywords: Body mass change; Body mass index; Body weight; Dietary patterns; Longitudinal study; Young adult

Date Created: 20230210 Date Completed: 20230522 Latest Revision: 20230522

20231215

10.1007/s00394-023-03101-3

36763149