Air Pollutant impacts on the brain and neuroendocrine system with implications for peripheral organs: a perspective.

Publisher: Informa Healthcare Country of Publication: England NLM ID: 8910739 Publication Model: Print-Electronic Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 1091-7691 (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 08958378 NLM ISO Abbreviation: Inhal Toxicol Subsets: MEDLINE

Publication: London : Informa Healthcare
Original Publication: New York, N.Y. : Hemisphere Pub. Corp., c1989-

Air Pollutants*/toxicity ; Air Pollution*/adverse effects; Neurosecretory Systems/metabolism ; Brain ; Lung

Air pollutants are being increasingly linked to extrapulmonary multi-organ effects. Specifically, recent studies associate air pollutants with brain disorders including psychiatric conditions, neuroinflammation and chronic diseases. Current evidence of the linkages between neuropsychiatric conditions and chronic peripheral immune and metabolic diseases provides insights on the potential role of the neuroendocrine system in mediating neural and systemic effects of inhaled pollutants (reactive particulates and gases). Autonomically-driven stress responses, involving sympathetic-adrenal-medullary and hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal axes regulate cellular physiological processes through adrenal-derived hormones and diverse receptor systems. Recent experimental evidence demonstrates the contribution of the very stress system responding to non-chemical stressors, in mediating systemic and neural effects of reactive air pollutants. The assessment of how respiratory encounter of air pollutants induce lung and peripheral responses through brain and neuroendocrine system, and how the impairment of these stress pathways could be linked to chronic diseases will improve understanding of the causes of individual variations in susceptibility and the contribution of habituation/learning and resiliency. This review highlights effects of air pollution in the respiratory tract that impact the brain and neuroendocrine system, including the role of autonomic sensory nervous system in triggering neural stress response, the likely contribution of translocated nano particles or metal components, and biological mediators released systemically in causing effects remote to the respiratory tract. The perspective on the use of systems approaches that incorporate multiple chemical and non-chemical stressors, including environmental, physiological and psychosocial, with the assessment of interactive neural mechanisms and peripheral networks are emphasized.

Keywords: Air pollution; brain; initiating event; mechanisms; neuroendocrine; systemic effects

0 (Air Pollutants)

Date Created: 20230207 Date Completed: 20230321 Latest Revision: 20230329

20250114

10.1080/08958378.2023.2172486

36749208