Connecting insufficient sleep and insomnia with metabolic dysfunction.

Publisher: New York Academy of Sciences Country of Publication: United States NLM ID: 7506858 Publication Model: Print-Electronic Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 1749-6632 (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 00778923 NLM ISO Abbreviation: Ann N Y Acad Sci Subsets: MEDLINE

Publication: 2006- : New York, NY : Malden, MA : New York Academy of Sciences ; Blackwell
Original Publication: New York, The Academy.

Sleep Initiation and Maintenance Disorders*/complications ; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2*/metabolism; Humans ; Sleep Deprivation/complications ; Sleep/physiology ; Obesity/epidemiology ; Energy Metabolism/physiology

The global epidemic of obesity and type 2 diabetes parallels the rampant state of sleep deprivation in our society. Epidemiological studies consistently show an association between insufficient sleep and metabolic dysfunction. Mechanistically, sleep and circadian rhythm exert considerable influences on hormones involved in appetite regulation and energy metabolism. As such, data from experimental sleep deprivation in humans demonstrate that insufficient sleep induces a positive energy balance with resultant weight gain, due to increased energy intake that far exceeds the additional energy expenditure of nocturnal wakefulness, and adversely impacts glucose metabolism. Conversely, animal models have found that sleep loss-induced energy expenditure exceeds caloric intake resulting in net weight loss. However, animal models have significant limitations, which may diminish the clinical relevance of their metabolic findings. Clinically, insomnia disorder and insomnia symptoms are associated with adverse glucose outcomes, though it remains challenging to isolate the effects of insomnia on metabolic outcomes independent of comorbidities and insufficient sleep durations. Furthermore, both pharmacological and behavioral interventions for insomnia may have direct metabolic effects. The goal of this review is to establish an updated framework for the causal links between insufficient sleep and insomnia and risks for type 2 diabetes and obesity.
(© 2022 New York Academy of Sciences.)

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U18 DA052301 United States DA NIDA NIH HHS; K23 DK133690 United States DK NIDDK NIH HHS; T32 HL110952 United States HL NHLBI NIH HHS; R01 HL138932 United States HL NHLBI NIH HHS; R61 HL156240 United States HL NHLBI NIH HHS; R01 HL133100 United States HL NHLBI NIH HHS; R01 HL135483 United States HL NHLBI NIH HHS; R01 HL128970 United States HL NHLBI NIH HHS

Keywords: diabetes; insomnia; insufficient sleep; metabolism; obesity

Date Created: 20221114 Date Completed: 20230111 Latest Revision: 20240910

20240910

PMC9839511

10.1111/nyas.14926

36373239