HTLV-2 Enhances CD8 ⁺ T Cell-Mediated HIV-1 Inhibition and Reduces HIV-1 Integrated Proviral Load in People Living with HIV-1.

Publisher: MDPI Country of Publication: Switzerland NLM ID: 101509722 Publication Model: Electronic Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 1999-4915 (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 19994915 NLM ISO Abbreviation: Viruses Subsets: MEDLINE

Original Publication: Basel, Switzerland : MDPI

HIV-1*/physiology ; HTLV-II Infections* ; HIV Infections* ; Coinfection* ; HIV Seropositivity* ; Hepatitis C*/complications; Humans ; Human T-lymphotropic virus 2 ; Proviruses ; CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes/pathology ; Viral Load

People living with HIV-1 and HTLV-2 concomitantly show slower CD4 ⁺ T cell depletion and AIDS progression, more frequency of the natural control of HIV-1, and lower mortality rates. A similar beneficial effect of this infection has been reported on HCV coinfection reducing transaminases, increasing the spontaneous clearance of HCV infection and delaying the development of hepatic fibrosis. Given the critical role of CD8 ⁺ T cells in controlling HIV-1 infection, we analysed the role of CD8 ⁺ T cell-mediated cytotoxic activity in coinfected individuals living with HIV-1. One hundred and twenty-eight individuals living with HIV-1 in four groups were studied: two groups with HTLV-2 infection, including individuals with HCV infection (N = 41) and with a sustained virological response (SVR) after HCV treatment (N = 25); and two groups without HTLV-2 infection, including individuals with HCV infection (N = 25) and with a sustained virological response after treatment (N = 37). We found that CD8 ⁺ T cell-mediated HIV-1 inhibition in vitro was higher in individuals with HTLV-2. This inhibition activity was associated with a higher frequency of effector memory CD8 ⁺ T cells, higher levels of granzyme A and granzyme B cytolytic enzymes, and perforin. Hence, cellular and soluble cytolytic factors may contribute to the lower HIV-1 pre-ART viral load and the HIV-1 proviral load during ART therapy associated with HTLV-2 infection. Herein, we confirmed and expanded previous findings on the role of HTLV-2 in the beneficial effect on the pathogenesis of HIV-1 in coinfected individuals.

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Keywords: HIV-1; HIV-1 reservoir; HTLV-2; cell subsets; cell-mediated cytotoxicity; cytotoxic enzymes

Date Created: 20221111 Date Completed: 20221114 Latest Revision: 20230130

20250114

PMC9695633

10.3390/v14112472

36366570