Acute food deprivation-induced relapse to heroin seeking after short and long punishment-imposed abstinence in male rats.

Publisher: Springer-Verlag Country of Publication: Germany NLM ID: 7608025 Publication Model: Print-Electronic Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 1432-2072 (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 00333158 NLM ISO Abbreviation: Psychopharmacology (Berl) Subsets: MEDLINE

Original Publication: Berlin, New York, Springer-Verlag.

Heroin*/pharmacology ; Punishment*; Humans ; Rats ; Male ; Animals ; Food Deprivation ; Recurrence ; Self Administration ; Extinction, Psychological

Rational: Stress is a major trigger for drug relapse in humans and animal models, even after prolonged abstinence. However, animal models for stress-induced relapse were criticized for the lack of predictive and face validity.
Objectives: Here we investigated the effect of acute food deprivation stress in a novel stress-induced relapse model using voluntary, punishment-imposed abstinence from heroin. We also performed a detailed characterization of the development of punishment-imposed abstinence.
Methods: Male rats were trained to self-administered heroin (0.1 mg/kg/infusion) for 2 weeks, using the seeking-taking chained schedule. Pressing the 'seeking' lever led to the insertion of the 'taking' lever and pressing the take lever resulted in heroin infusion. Following self-administration training, rats were exposed to 8 or 21 days of heroin-seeking punishment. During punishment, 30% of the completed seek links resulted in a mild escalating footshock instead of take lever presentation. Next, rats were tested for heroin seeking under extinction conditions after 24 h of food deprivation and sated conditions.
Results: Probabilistic punishment of seeking lever responses resulted in gradual suppression of heroin seeking and taking. Exposure to food-deprivation stress induced a robust relapse to heroin seeking after short and long punishment-imposed abstinence periods, without significant effects of time, i.e., no incubation of heroin seeking. Individual differences were observed in the development of punishment-induced abstinence and stress-induced relapse.
Conclusions: These results suggest that stress is a reliable trigger to relapse even after a prolonged period of punishment-induced, voluntary abstinence.
(© 2022. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature.)

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RGPIN-2016-06694 Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada

Keywords: Acute food deprivation; Heroin; Punishment-imposed abstinence; Relapse; Stress; Voluntary abstinence

70D95007SX (Heroin)

Date Created: 20220811 Date Completed: 20230216 Latest Revision: 20230216

20230216

10.1007/s00213-022-06207-4

35951079