ELITES POLÍTICAS REGIONAIS: O CASO DAS INTERVENTORIAS GAÚCHAS. (Portuguese)

REGIONAL POLITICAL ELITES: THE CASE OF THE RIO GRANDE DO SUL INTERVENTORS. (English)
ÉLITES POLITIQUES RÉGIONALES: LE CAS DES « INTERVENTORIES GAÚCHAS ». (French)

In general terms, Brazilian historiography that analyzes the Estado Novo takes the latter's centralizing, nationalist and authoritarian character as its point of departure, constrasting these traits with the federalism that was in vigor until 1930 and was recovered, if only partially, in 1934. In a similar sense, the very intellectuals who were linked to the regime presented it as the form that was most adequate to our reality and most appropriate for the construction of national unity, in opposition to the private interests of the states and their local elites. It this study we attempt to demonstrate the syncretic nature of this new State: on the one hand, it imposed limits on states' autonomy and the power of their elites, but on the other, it was obliged to make a number of concessions and political agreements with these groups, in order to guarantee the order and national unity that were desired. Initially, we use intellectuals' discourse as the basis for an analysis of how the Estado Novo sought to legitimate itself to Brazilian society; next, we use the case of the Rio Grande do Sul interventors to discuss the regime's political practice and its need for cooptation and reconciliation with oligarchic interests. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

En général, l'historiographie brésilienne analyse l'État Nouveau selon son caractère centralisateur, nationaliste et autoritaire et l'oppose au fédéralisme en vigueur jusqu'en 1930 et repris, bien que partiellement, en 1934. Dans une perspective semblable, les intellectuels eux-mêmes liés à ce régime politique, le présentaient comme le plus adéquat à notre réalité et à la construction de l'unité nationale, en opposition aux intérêts privés des états et de leurs élites locales. Dans cette étude, on cherche à montrer le caractère syncrétique de ce nouveau État : d'une part, il a sûrement imposé des limites à l'autonomie de l'état régional et au pouvoir de son élite, mais, d'autre part, il a été obligé de lui faire des concessions et d'établir des accords avec ces groupes politiques, afin d'assurer l'ordre et l'unité nationales aspirés. D'abord, on analysera au moyen du discours des intellectuels comment l'État Nouveau a idéologiquement cherché sa légitimité au sein de la société brésilienne ; ensuite, à partir du cas des « interventories gaúchas », on discutera de la pratique politique du régime et de son besoin de cooptation et de conciliation avec les intérêts oligarchiques. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Em geral, a historiografia brasileira analisa o Estado Novo partindo de seu caràter centralizador, nacionalista e autoritàrio, em oposição ao federalismo vigente até 1930 e retomado, ainda que parcialmente, em 1934. Em sentido semelhante a este, os próprios intelectuais ligados ao regime apresentavam-no como o mais adequado às nossas realidades e à construção da unidade nacional, em oposição aos interesses particulares dos estados e de suas elites locais. Neste estudo procuramos demonstrar o caràter sincrético desse novo Estado: por um lado, de fato impôs limites à autonomia estadual e ao poder de suas elites, mas, por outro lado, precisou fazer uma série de concessões e acordos políticos a esses mesmos grupos, de modo a garantir a ordem e a unidade nacional desejadas. Em um primeiro momento, faremos uma anàlise, por meio do discurso dos intelectuais, de como o Estado Novo buscou legitimar-se ideologicamente junto à sociedade brasileira; a seguir, tomando por base o caso das interventorias gaúchas, discutiremos a pràtica política do regime e sua necessidade de cooptação e conciliação com os interesses oligàrquicos. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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