Emerging Insights into the Impact of Air Pollution on Immune-Mediated Asthma Pathogenesis.

Publisher: Current Science Inc Country of Publication: United States NLM ID: 101096440 Publication Model: Print-Electronic Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 1534-6315 (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 15297322 NLM ISO Abbreviation: Curr Allergy Asthma Rep Subsets: MEDLINE

Original Publication: Philadelphia, PA : Current Science Inc., c2001-

Air Pollutants*/adverse effects ; Air Pollution*/adverse effects ; Asthma*; Humans ; Inflammation ; Lung

Purpose of Review: Increases in ambient levels of air pollutants have been linked to lung inflammation and remodeling, processes that lead to the development and exacerbation of allergic asthma. Conventional research has focused on the role of CD4 ⁺ T helper 2 (T H 2) cells in the pathogenesis of air pollution-induced asthma. However, much work in the past decade has uncovered an array of air pollution-induced non-T H 2 immune mechanisms that contribute to allergic airway inflammation and disease.
Recent Findings: In this article, we review current research demonstrating the connection between common air pollutants and their downstream effects on non-T H 2 immune responses emerging as key players in asthma, including PRRs, ILCs, and non-T H 2 T cell subsets. We also discuss the proposed mechanisms by which air pollution increases immune-mediated asthma risk, including pre-existing genetic risk, epigenetic alterations in immune cells, and perturbation of the composition and function of the lung and gut microbiomes. Together, these studies reveal the multifaceted impacts of various air pollutants on innate and adaptive immune functions via genetic, epigenetic, and microbiome-based mechanisms that facilitate the induction and worsening of asthma.
(© 2022. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature.)

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R01 AI134972 United States AI NIAID NIH HHS; R01 ES028829 United States ES NIEHS NIH HHS; R01 ES030227 United States ES NIEHS NIH HHS; T32 AI165391 United States AI NIAID NIH HHS

Keywords: Air pollution; Asthma; Epigenetics; Innate lymphoid cells; Microbiome; T cells

0 (Air Pollutants)

Date Created: 20220408 Date Completed: 20220701 Latest Revision: 20240330

20240330

PMC9246904

10.1007/s11882-022-01034-1

35394608