Human Oligodendrocytes and Myelin In Vitro to Evaluate Developmental Neurotoxicity.

Publisher: MDPI Country of Publication: Switzerland NLM ID: 101092791 Publication Model: Electronic Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 1422-0067 (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 14220067 NLM ISO Abbreviation: Int J Mol Sci Subsets: MEDLINE

Original Publication: Basel, Switzerland : MDPI, [2000-

Models, Biological* ; Myelin Sheath* ; Oligodendroglia*; Brain/*physiopathology ; Neurodevelopmental Disorders/*etiology ; Neurotoxicity Syndromes/*etiology; Animals ; Humans ; Neurodevelopmental Disorders/chemically induced ; Neurodevelopmental Disorders/physiopathology ; Neurotoxicity Syndromes/physiopathology ; Organoids ; Toxicity Tests

Neurodevelopment is uniquely sensitive to toxic insults and there are concerns that environmental chemicals are contributing to widespread subclinical developmental neurotoxicity (DNT). Increased DNT evaluation is needed due to the lack of such information for most chemicals in common use, but in vivo studies recommended in regulatory guidelines are not practical for the large-scale screening of potential DNT chemicals. It is widely acknowledged that developmental neurotoxicity is a consequence of disruptions to basic processes in neurodevelopment and that testing strategies using human cell-based in vitro systems that mimic these processes could aid in prioritizing chemicals with DNT potential. Myelination is a fundamental process in neurodevelopment that should be included in a DNT testing strategy, but there are very few in vitro models of myelination. Thus, there is a need to establish an in vitro myelination assay for DNT. Here, we summarize the routes of myelin toxicity and the known models to study this particular endpoint.

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Keywords: developmental diseases; developmental neurotoxicity; myelin; neurotoxicity; oligodendrocytes; organoid; organotypic

Date Created: 20210807 Date Completed: 20210825 Latest Revision: 20230920

20230920

PMC8347131

10.3390/ijms22157929

34360696