Molecular biochemical aspects of salt (sodium chloride) in inflammation and immune response with reference to hypertension and type 2 diabetes mellitus.

Publisher: BioMed Central Country of Publication: England NLM ID: 101147696 Publication Model: Electronic Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 1476-511X (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 1476511X NLM ISO Abbreviation: Lipids Health Dis Subsets: MEDLINE

Original Publication: [London] : BioMed Central, 2002-

Immunity*; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/*etiology ; Hypertension/*etiology ; Inflammation/*etiology ; Sodium Chloride, Dietary/*adverse effects; Animals ; Humans ; Sodium Chloride, Dietary/metabolism

Obesity, insulin resistance, type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and hypertension (HTN) are common that are associated with low-grade systemic inflammation. Diet, genetic factors, inflammation, and immunocytes and their cytokines play a role in their pathobiology. But the exact role of sodium, potassium, magnesium and other minerals, trace elements and vitamins in the pathogenesis of HTN and T2DM is not known. Recent studies showed that sodium and potassium can modulate oxidative stress, inflammation, alter the autonomic nervous system and induce dysfunction of the innate and adaptive immune responses in addition to their action on renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system. These actions of sodium, potassium and magnesium and other minerals, trace elements and vitamins are likely to be secondary to their action on pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-6, TNF-α and IL-17 and metabolism of essential fatty acids that may account for their involvement in the pathobiology of insulin resistance, T2DM, HTN and autoimmune diseases.
(© 2021. The Author(s).)

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Keywords: Hypertension; T cells; diabetes mellitus; inflammation; potassium; reactive oxygen species; sodium

0 (Sodium Chloride, Dietary)

Date Created: 20210802 Date Completed: 20220328 Latest Revision: 20231107

20231107

PMC8327432

10.1186/s12944-021-01507-8

34334139