Do Healthy Dietary Interventions Improve Pediatric Depressive Symptoms? A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Publisher: Elsevier Country of Publication: United States NLM ID: 101540874 Publication Model: Print Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 2156-5376 (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 21618313 NLM ISO Abbreviation: Adv Nutr Subsets: MEDLINE

Publication: 2023- : [New York, NY] : Elsevier
Original Publication: Bethesda, MD : American Society for Nutrition

Depression*/prevention & control ; Diet*; Adolescent ; Child ; Health Status ; Humans

Dietary recommendations have been proposed as a way of impacting current and future mental health. There exists a limited body of conflicting literature related to pediatric nutritional interventions and depression. This meta-analysis aims to determine the efficacy of child and adolescent dietary interventions on depression. Systematic searches in electronic databases and gray literature were conducted. After screening 6725 citations, 17 studies were included in this systematic review. Quality assessment was performed using the Cochrane risk-of-bias tool and the Joanna Briggs Institute Critical Appraisal Tool for Quasi-Experimental Studies. A meta-analysis of Hedges g values was calculated using the Hartung-Knapp-Sidik-Jonkman method. Publication bias was assessed with funnel plots and the Egger test. The results of the meta-analysis of the RCTs (k = 7) demonstrated a nonsignificant effect of dietary intervention (g = 0.05; 95% CI: -0.25, 0.35; P = 0.70) whereas the results of the pre-post intervention studies (k = 9) demonstrated a significant small-to-medium effect favoring dietary intervention for reducing depression (g = -0.45; 95% CI: -0.64, -0.27; P = 0.001). Publication bias was not detected by the Egger test or by funnel plot asymmetry. The current meta-analysis demonstrates that "healthy" dietary interventions for children or adolescents in the community have little impact on nonclinical depression. Confusion will persist until better-designed studies in pediatric nutritional psychiatry research focusing on adolescents with depressive illness are conducted.
(© The Author(s) 2021. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the American Society for Nutrition.)

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409491 Canada CIHR

Keywords: child and adolescent; depression; dietary interventions; meta-analysis; randomized controlled trials

Date Created: 20210724 Date Completed: 20220202 Latest Revision: 20231108

20231108

PMC8634309

10.1093/advances/nmab088

34302170