Trends in the prevalence and incidence of anxiety and depressive symptoms in Iran: findings from KERCADRS.

Publisher: BMJ Country of Publication: England NLM ID: 101700650 Publication Model: Print Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 2009-8774 (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 23056983 NLM ISO Abbreviation: Fam Med Community Health Subsets: MEDLINE

Publication: 2019- : London, United Kingdom : BMJ
Original Publication: Shannon, Ireland : Compuscript for Chinese General Practice Press, [2013]-[2018]

Anxiety*/epidemiology ; Depression*/epidemiology; Cohort Studies ; Female ; Humans ; Incidence ; Iran/epidemiology ; Prevalence ; Young Adult

Objectives: Anxiety and depression (A&D) are common mental disorders with high economical and health burdens. This study aimed to investigate the prevalence and the incidence rate of A&D symptoms and their relationship with sociodemographic and other risk factors and comorbidities in adults living in southeastern Iran.
Design: A population-based cohort study with random cluster household survey sampling method.
Setting: Second round of Kerman Coronary Artery Disease Risk Factors Study (KERCADRS) (2014-2018) performed in Southeastern, Iran.
Participants: We recruited 9997 participants (15-80 years) in the second round of the study, from whom 2820 persons were the people who also participated in the first round of KERCADRS in 2009-2012. The age-standardised A&D prevalence was measured among all participants, and the 5-year A&D incidence rate was measured in those who were free from A&D in the first round in 2009-2012 and were at risk of A&D in the follow-up. The relationship between A&D and demographic characteristics, smoking, opium use, obesity and physical activity was assessed by logistic regression models.
Results: Overall, the prevalence of anxiety (48.1% to 16.4%, p<0.001) and depression (5.9% to 1.3%, p<0.001) decreased between the two rounds. The highest prevalence of anxiety was among widowed (31.4%), unemployed (21.3%), obese (19.4%), and opium users (17.4%). Young adults, women, those divorced or widowed, and those with obesity and low physical activity had a higher chance of developing anxiety. The 5-year incidence rate (person/1000 person-years) was 15.0 for anxiety and 3.9 for depression.
Conclusion: Despite the overall decrease in the prevalence of A&D symptoms in last 5 years in the area, young adults, women, unemployed, opium users, people with low physical activity and those with obesity had a higher chance of developing anxiety and are in need of more targeted interventions.
Competing Interests: Competing interests: None declared.
(© Author(s) (or their employer(s)) 2021. Re-use permitted under CC BY-NC. No commercial re-use. See rights and permissions. Published by BMJ.)

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Keywords: cardiovascular diseases; community medicine; depression; epidemiology; mental health

Date Created: 20210703 Date Completed: 20211025 Latest Revision: 20211025

20221213

PMC8256739

10.1136/fmch-2021-000937

34215671