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Comparative Anti-Inflammatory Effects of Salix Cortex Extracts and Acetylsalicylic Acid in SARS-CoV-2 Peptide and LPS-Activated Human In Vitro Systems.

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  • معلومة اضافية
    • المصدر:
      Publisher: MDPI Country of Publication: Switzerland NLM ID: 101092791 Publication Model: Electronic Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 1422-0067 (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 14220067 NLM ISO Abbreviation: Int J Mol Sci Subsets: MEDLINE
    • بيانات النشر:
      Original Publication: Basel, Switzerland : MDPI, [2000-
    • الموضوع:
      COVID-19 Drug Treatment*; Anti-Inflammatory Agents/*pharmacology ; Aspirin/*pharmacology ; COVID-19/*immunology ; Plant Extracts/*pharmacology; Anti-Inflammatory Agents/chemistry ; Benzyl Alcohols/metabolism ; COVID-19/virology ; Caco-2 Cells ; Cyclooxygenase 2/drug effects ; Cytokines/metabolism ; Dinoprostone/metabolism ; Glucosides/metabolism ; HT29 Cells ; Humans ; Inflammation ; Leukocytes, Mononuclear/drug effects ; Lipopolysaccharides/immunology ; Plant Bark/chemistry ; Plant Extracts/chemistry ; SARS-CoV-2/immunology
    • نبذة مختصرة :
      The usefulness of anti-inflammatory drugs as an adjunct therapy to improve outcomes in COVID-19 patients is intensely discussed in this paper. Willow bark ( Salix cortex) has been used for centuries to relieve pain, inflammation, and fever. Its main active ingredient, salicin, is metabolized in the human body into salicylic acid, the precursor of the commonly used pain drug acetylsalicylic acid (ASA). Here, we report on the in vitro anti-inflammatory efficacy of two methanolic Salix extracts, standardized to phenolic compounds, in comparison to ASA in the context of a SARS-CoV-2 peptide challenge. Using SARS-CoV-2 peptide/IL-1β- or LPS-activated human PBMCs and an inflammatory intestinal Caco-2/HT29-MTX co-culture, Salix extracts, and ASA concentration-dependently suppressed prostaglandin E2 (PGE 2 ), a principal mediator of inflammation. The inhibition of COX-2 enzyme activity, but not protein expression was observed for ASA and one Salix extract. In activated PBMCs, the suppression of relevant cytokines (i.e., IL-6, IL-1β, and IL-10) was seen for both Salix extracts. The anti-inflammatory capacity of Salix extracts was still retained after transepithelial passage and liver cell metabolism in an advanced co-culture model system consisting of intestinal Caco-2/HT29-MTX cells and differentiated hepatocyte-like HepaRG cells. Taken together, our in vitro data suggest that Salix extracts might present an additional anti-inflammatory treatment option in the context of SARS-CoV-2 peptides challenge; however, more confirmatory data are needed.
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    • Grant Information:
      031B0349A/B/C/D Federal Ministry of Education and Research, Germany
    • Contributed Indexing:
      Keywords: PGE2; SARS-CoV-2 peptides; Salix species; acetylsalicylic acid (ASA); anti-inflammatory effects; cytokine; in vitro; willow bark
    • الرقم المعرف:
      0 (Anti-Inflammatory Agents)
      0 (Benzyl Alcohols)
      0 (Cytokines)
      0 (Glucosides)
      0 (Lipopolysaccharides)
      0 (Plant Extracts)
      4649620TBZ (salicin)
      EC 1.14.99.1 (Cyclooxygenase 2)
      K7Q1JQR04M (Dinoprostone)
      R16CO5Y76E (Aspirin)
    • الموضوع:
      Date Created: 20210702 Date Completed: 20210712 Latest Revision: 20221207
    • الموضوع:
      20221213
    • الرقم المعرف:
      PMC8268791
    • الرقم المعرف:
      10.3390/ijms22136766
    • الرقم المعرف:
      34201817