Nanomedicine-based technologies and novel biomarkers for the diagnosis and treatment of Alzheimer's disease: from current to future challenges.

Publisher: BioMed Central Country of Publication: England NLM ID: 101152208 Publication Model: Electronic Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 1477-3155 (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 14773155 NLM ISO Abbreviation: J Nanobiotechnology Subsets: MEDLINE

Original Publication: London : BioMed Central, 2003-

Alzheimer Disease/*diagnosis ; Alzheimer Disease/*drug therapy ; Biomarkers/*metabolism ; Nanomedicine/*methods; Aging ; Alzheimer Disease/cerebrospinal fluid ; Amyloid beta-Peptides ; Animals ; Brain ; Drug Delivery Systems ; Humans ; Metal Nanoparticles ; Oxidative Stress

Increasing life expectancy has led to an aging population, which has consequently increased the prevalence of dementia. Alzheimer's disease (AD), the most common form of dementia worldwide, is estimated to make up 50-80% of all cases. AD cases are expected to reach 131 million by 2050, and this increasing prevalence will critically burden economies and health systems in the next decades. There is currently no treatment that can stop or reverse disease progression. In addition, the late diagnosis of AD constitutes a major obstacle to effective disease management. Therefore, improved diagnostic tools and new treatments for AD are urgently needed. In this review, we investigate and describe both well-established and recently discovered AD biomarkers that could potentially be used to detect AD at early stages and allow the monitoring of disease progression. Proteins such as NfL, MMPs, p-tau217, YKL-40, SNAP-25, VCAM-1, and Ng / BACE are some of the most promising biomarkers because of their successful use as diagnostic tools. In addition, we explore the most recent molecular strategies for an AD therapeutic approach and nanomedicine-based technologies, used to both target drugs to the brain and serve as devices for tracking disease progression diagnostic biomarkers. State-of-the-art nanoparticles, such as polymeric, lipid, and metal-based, are being widely investigated for their potential to improve the effectiveness of both conventional drugs and novel compounds for treating AD. The most recent studies on these nanodevices are deeply explained and discussed in this review.

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PI17/01474 Instituto de Salud Carlos III; PI19/00335 Instituto de Salud Carlos III; SAF2017-84283-R Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad

Keywords: Alzheimer’s disease; Biomarkers; Lipid nanoparticles; Metal nanoparticles; Nanotechnology; Polymeric nanoparticles

0 (Amyloid beta-Peptides)
0 (Biomarkers)

Date Created: 20210430 Date Completed: 20211025 Latest Revision: 20231101

20240628

PMC8086346

10.1186/s12951-021-00864-x

33926475