Energy Requirements for Older Patients with Type 2 Diabetes: A Narrative Review of the Current Findings and Future Tasks.

Publisher: MDPI Publishing Country of Publication: Switzerland NLM ID: 101521595 Publication Model: Electronic Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 2072-6643 (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 20726643 NLM ISO Abbreviation: Nutrients Subsets: MEDLINE

Original Publication: Basel, Switzerland : MDPI Publishing

Body Mass Index* ; Energy Metabolism* ; Nutritional Requirements*; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/*physiopathology ; Frailty/*prevention & control; Aged ; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/complications ; Exercise/physiology ; Female ; Frail Elderly ; Geriatric Assessment ; Humans ; Male ; Nutritional Status

Aging patients with type 2 diabetes (T2DM) have a high risk of frailty and disability. This narrative review summarizes the current findings and future tasks regarding the following issues: (1) the optimum body mass index (BMI) target for patients with T2DM, (2) energy expenditure and requirements of patients with T2DM, and (3) the significance of low-intensity physical activity (LPA) as a key determinant of total energy expenditure (TEE) among the older population. While weight reduction is associated with an improvement in glycemic control, an increased risk of mortality as well as disability related to unhealthy BMI must also be considered, especially in older patients. The optimum BMI range and energy requirements for maintaining a healthy BMI should be identified. Limited evidence has shown that the TEE measured using the doubly labeled water method in patients with T2DM did not differ from that of subjects without diabetes, suggesting that the energy requirement data of subjects without diabetes may be applicable to these populations. LPA is one of the determinants of variability in the energy requirements of older patients with T2DM, and the beneficial effects of increasing LPA on nutritional intake and frailty prevention should be investigated further.

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Keywords: body mass index; diabetes mellitus; doubly labeled water; energy expenditure; low-intensity physical activity; older patients

Date Created: 20210303 Date Completed: 20210510 Latest Revision: 20210510

20221213

PMC7996826

10.3390/nu13030753

33652754