Molecular Aspects and Prognostic Significance of Microcalcifications in Human Pathology: A Narrative Review.

Publisher: MDPI Country of Publication: Switzerland NLM ID: 101092791 Publication Model: Electronic Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 1422-0067 (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 14220067 NLM ISO Abbreviation: Int J Mol Sci Subsets: MEDLINE

Original Publication: Basel, Switzerland : MDPI, [2000-

Prognosis*; Biomarkers/*metabolism ; Calcinosis/*pathology; Breast Diseases/metabolism ; Disease Progression ; Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition ; Female ; Homeostasis ; Humans ; Lung Diseases/metabolism ; Neoplasm Metastasis ; Osteoblasts/metabolism ; Ovarian Diseases/metabolism ; Ovarian Neoplasms/metabolism ; Thyroid Diseases/metabolism

The presence of calcium deposits in human lesions is largely used as imaging biomarkers of human diseases such as breast cancer. Indeed, the presence of micro- or macrocalcifications is frequently associated with the development of both benign and malignant lesions. Nevertheless, the molecular mechanisms involved in the formation of these calcium deposits, as well as the prognostic significance of their presence in human tissues, have not been completely elucidated. Therefore, a better characterization of the biological process related to the formation of calcifications in different tissues and organs, as well as the understanding of the prognostic significance of the presence of these calcium deposits into human tissues could significantly improve the management of patients characterized by microcalcifications associated lesions. Starting from these considerations, this narrative review highlights the most recent histopathological and molecular data concerning the formation of calcifications in breast, thyroid, lung, and ovarian diseases. Evidence reported here could deeply change the current point of view concerning the role of ectopic calcifications in the progression of human diseases and also in the patients' management. In fact, the presence of calcifications can suggest an unfavorable prognosis due to dysregulation of normal tissues homeostasis.

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Keywords: EMT; breast cancer; ectopic calcifications; lung; microcalcifications; osteoblast-like cells; ovary; thyroid

0 (Biomarkers)

Date Created: 20201230 Date Completed: 20210913 Latest Revision: 20210913

20221213

PMC7795544

10.3390/ijms22010120

33374380