Blue Light Mediates Chloroplast Avoidance and Enhances Photoprotection of Vanilla Orchid.

Publisher: MDPI Country of Publication: Switzerland NLM ID: 101092791 Publication Model: Electronic Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 1422-0067 (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 14220067 NLM ISO Abbreviation: Int J Mol Sci Subsets: MEDLINE

Original Publication: Basel, Switzerland : MDPI, [2000-

Etiolation* ; Light* ; Photosynthesis*; Chlorophyll/*metabolism ; Chloroplasts/*metabolism ; Vanilla/*growth & development; Chloroplasts/radiation effects ; Fluorescence ; Plant Leaves/growth & development ; Plant Leaves/metabolism ; Plant Leaves/radiation effects ; Vanilla/metabolism ; Vanilla/radiation effects

Vanilla orchid, which is well-known for its flavor and fragrance, is cultivated in tropical and subtropical regions. This shade-loving plant is very sensitive to high irradiance. In this study, we show that vanilla chloroplasts started to have avoidance movement when blue light (BL) was higher than 20 μmol m ^-2 s ^-1 and significant avoidance movement was observed under BL irradiation at 100 μmol m ^-2 s ^-1 (BL100). The light response curve indicated that when vanilla was exposed to 1000 μmol m ^-2 s ^-1 , the electron transport rate (ETR) and photochemical quenching of fluorescence (qP) were significantly reduced to a negligible amount. We found that if a vanilla orchid was irradiated with BL100 for 12 days, it acquired BL-acclimation. Chloroplasts moved to the side of cells in order to reduce light-harvesting antenna size, and chloroplast photodamage was eliminated. Therefore, BL-acclimation enhanced vanilla orchid growth and tolerance to moderate (500 μmol m ^-2 s ^-1 ) and high light (1000 μmol m ^-2 s ^-1 ) stress conditions. It was found that under high irradiation, BL-acclimatized vanilla maintained higher ETR and qP capacity than the control without BL-acclimation. BL-acclimation induced antioxidant enzyme activities, reduced ROS accumulation, and accumulated more carbohydrates. Moreover, BL-acclimatized orchids upregulated photosystem-II-associated marker genes ( D1 and PetC ), Rubisco and PEPC transcripts and sustained expression levels thereof, and also maximized the photosynthesis rate. Consequently, BL-acclimatized orchids had higher biomass. In short, this study found that acclimating vanilla orchid with BL before transplantation to the field might eliminate photoinhibition and enhance vanilla growth and production.

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AS-KPQ-109-iTAR-L03 Innovative Translational Agricultural Research Program

Keywords: Vanilla planifolia; blue light acclimation; chlorophyll fluorescence; high irradiance; photoprotection

1406-65-1 (Chlorophyll)

Date Created: 20201031 Date Completed: 20210329 Latest Revision: 20240330

20240330

PMC7663427

10.3390/ijms21218022

33126662